Results for f-strings

Python-like f-string formatting macros for Rust

namespaces aliases for command lines & basic scripting language

namespaces aliases for command lines & basic scripting language

namespaces aliases for command lines & basic scripting language

namespaces aliases for command lines & basic scripting language

namespaces aliases for command lines & basic scripting language

A crate to format Rust expressions in a string, similar to f-string formatting in Python

Lightning-fast SQL indenter and linter powered by PostgreSQL's parser

Hand-written Python frontend

Potentially my personal utility library, for now a test

Security gate for AI-generated code - blocks the build until vulnerabilities are fixed

A lightweight Python bytecode VM written in Rust

["scramble words or check their counts in a string e.g. 'some bad words are f'*** bad ***!' using the obfuscate('some string', ['some','words']) function or $=> { some => 1, bad => 2} using report('some string', ['some','words'])"]

Python-alike formatting strings with Ruby flavour: f"{x=%.2f}"

Allows you check if an object match a class expression. It is typically used to check the type of method paraameters. It is an alternative to using Ruby-3 .rbs files but with a different syntax and only dynamic checks Typically you'll include the Constrain module and use #constrain to check the type of method parameters: include Constrain # f takes a String and an array of Integer objects. Raise a Constrain::Error # if parameters doesn't have the expected types def f(a, b) constrain a, String constrain b, [Integer] end Constrain works with ruby-2 (and maybe ruby-3)

This will replace the Latin character inside a string to correspond to normal character example: à to a. Usage: LatinToNormalCharacter.transform('ThÏs ís  strìng wÌth Lãtîn úñîcÔdë.') and will return a string value of "ThIs is A string wIth Latin unicOde. List of supported latin characters: A: ['À', 'Á', 'Â', 'Ã', 'Ä', 'Å'] a: ['à', 'á', 'â', 'ã', 'ä', 'å'] B: ['Ɓ', 'Ƃ', 'Ƅ', 'ʙ'] b: ['ƀ', 'ƃ', 'ƅ'] C: ['Ç', 'Č', 'Ɔ', 'Ƈ'] c: ['ç', 'č', 'ƈ'] D: ['Ð', 'Ƌ', 'Ɗ'] d: ['ð', 'ƌ', 'ƍ'] E: ['È', 'É', 'Ê', 'Ë', 'Ĕ', 'Ǝ', 'Ɛ'] e: ['è', 'é', 'ê', 'ë', 'ĕ', 'Ə', 'ʚ'] F: ['Ƒ'] f: ['ƒ'] G: ['Ğ', 'Ģ', 'Ĝ', 'Ġ', 'Ɠ', 'ʛ'] g: ['ğ', 'ģ', 'ĝ', 'ġ'] H: ['Ĥ', 'Ħ', 'ʜ'] h: ['ĥ', 'ħ', 'ʰ', 'ʯ', 'ʮ'] I: ['Ì', 'Í', 'Î', 'Ï', 'Ĩ', 'Ī', 'Ĭ', 'Į', 'İ', 'Ɨ'] i: ['ì', 'í', 'î', 'ï', 'ĩ', 'ī', 'ĭ', 'į', 'ı'] J: ['Ĵ'] j: ['ĵ', 'ʝ'] K: ['Ķ', 'Ƙ'] k: ['ķ', 'ĸ', 'ƙ', 'ʞ'] L: ['Ĺ', 'Ļ', 'Ľ', 'Ŀ', 'Ł', 'ʟ'] l: ['ĺ', 'ļ', 'ľ', 'ŀ', 'ł', 'ƚ'] M: ['Ɯ'] m: ['ɯ', 'ɰ', 'ɱ'] N: ['Ñ', 'Ń', 'Ņ', 'Ň', 'Ŋ', 'Ɲ'] n: ['ñ', 'ń', 'ņ', 'ň', 'ŋ', 'ʼn', 'ɲ', 'ɳ', 'ƞ', 'ɴ'] O: ['Ò', 'Ó', 'Ô', 'Õ', 'Ö', 'Ø', 'Ō', 'Ŏ', 'Ő', 'Ɵ', 'Ơ'] o: ['ò', 'ó', 'ô', 'õ', 'ö', 'ø', 'ō', 'ŏ', 'ő', 'ơ', 'ɵ'] P: ['Ƥ'] p: ['ƥ'] q: ['ʠ'] R: ['Ŕ', 'Ŗ', 'Ř'] r: ['ŕ', 'ŗ', 'ř', 'ɹ', 'ɺ', 'ɻ', 'ɼ', 'ɽ', 'ɾ', 'ɿ', 'ʀ', 'ʁ'] S: ['Ŝ', 'Ş', 'Š', 'Ś'] s: ['ŝ', 'ş', 'š', 'ś', 'ſ', 'ʂ'] T: ['Ţ', 'Ť', 'Ŧ', 'Ƭ', 'Ʈ'] t: ['ţ', 'ť', 'ŧ', 'ƭ', 'ƫ', 'ʇ', 'ʈ'] U: ['Ù', 'Ú', 'Û', 'Ü', 'Ū', 'Ũ', 'Ŭ', 'Ů', 'Ű', 'Ų', 'Ư'] u: ['ù', 'ú', 'û', 'ü', 'ū', 'ũ', 'ŭ', 'ů', 'ű', 'ų', 'ư', 'ʉ'] V: ['Ʋ'] v: ['ʋ', 'ʌ'] W: ['Ŵ'] w: ['ŵ', 'ʍ'] Y: ['Ý', 'Ÿ', 'Ŷ', 'Ƴ'] y: ['ý', 'ŷ', 'ƴ', 'ʎ', 'ʏ'] Z: ['Ž', 'Ź', 'Ż', 'Ƶ'] z: ['ž', 'ź', 'ż', 'ƶ', 'ʐ', 'ʑ'] AE: ['Æ'] ae: ['æ'] IJ: ['IJ'] ij: ['ij'] OE: ['Œ'] oe: ['œ', 'ɶ'] th: ['Þ'] SS: ['ß'] YR: ['Ʀ'] ESH: ['Ʃ'] esh: ['ƪ'] EZH: ['Ʒ', 'Ƹ'] ezh: ['ƹ', 'ƺ'] dz: ['ƻ'] Q: ['Ƽ'] q: ['ƽ'] ts: ['ƾ'] Wynn: ['ƿ'] Updates: 0.0.4 & 0.0.5 - update the coverage of latin string support. 0.0.6 - fix issue on non string value. 0.0.7 - fix issue on non string value.

Ame Ame provides a simple command-line interface API for Ruby¹. It can be used to provide both simple interfaces like that of ‹rm›² and complex ones like that of ‹git›³. It uses Ruby’s own classes, methods, and argument lists to provide an interface that is both simple to use from the command-line side and from the Ruby side. The provided command-line interface is flexible and follows commond standards for command-line processing. ¹ See http://ruby-lang.org/ ² See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html ³ See http://git-scm.com/docs/ § Usage Let’s begin by looking at two examples, one where we mimic the POSIX¹ command-line interface to the ‹rm› command. Looking at the entry² in the standard, ‹rm› takes the following options: = -f. = Do not prompt for confirmation. = -i. = Prompt for confirmation. = -R. = Remove file hierarchies. = -r. = Equivalent to /-r/. It also takes the following arguments: = FILE. = A pathname or directory entry to be removed. And actually allows one or more of these /FILE/ arguments to be given. We also note that the ‹rm› command is described as a command to “remove directory entries”. ¹ See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html ² See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html Let’s turn this specification into one using Ame’s API. We begin by adding a flag for each of the options listed above: class Rm < Ame::Root flag 'f', '', false, 'Do not prompt for confirmation' flag 'i', '', nil, 'Prompt for confirmation' do |options| options['f'] = false end flag 'R', '', false, 'Remove file hierarchies' flag 'r', '', nil, 'Equivalent to -R' do |options| options['r'] = true end A flag¹ is a boolean option that doesn’t take an argument. Each flag gets a short and long name, where an empty name means that there’s no corresponding short or long name for the flag, a default value (true, false, or nil), and a description of what the flag does. Each flag can also optionally take a block that can do further processing. In this case we use this block to modify the Hash that maps option names to their values passed to the block to set other flags’ values than the ones that the block is associated with. As these flags (‘i’ and ‘r’) aren’t themselves of interest, their default values have been set to nil, which means that they won’t be included in the Hash that maps option names to their values when passed to the method. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#flag-class-method There are quite a few other kinds of options besides flags that can be defined using Ame, but flags are all that are required for this example. We’ll get to the other kinds in later examples. Next we add a “splus” argument. splus 'FILE', String, 'File to remove' A splus¹ argument is like a Ruby “splat”, that is, an Array argument at the end of the argument list to a method preceded by a star, except that a splus requires at least one argument. A splus argument gets a name for the argument (‹FILE›), the type of argument it represents (String), and a description. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splus-class-method Then we add a description of the command (method) itself: description 'Remove directory entries' Descriptions¹ will be used in help output to assist the user in using the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#description-class-method Finally, we add the Ruby method that’ll implement the command (all preceding code included here for completeness): class Rm < Ame::Root version '1.0.0' flag 'f', '', false, 'Do not prompt for confirmation' flag 'i', '', nil, 'Prompt for confirmation' do |options| options['f'] = false end flag 'R', '', false, 'Remove file hierarchies' flag 'r', '', nil, 'Equivalent to -R' do |options| options['r'] = true end splus 'FILE', String, 'File to remove' description 'Remove directory entries' def rm(files, options = {}) require 'fileutils' FileUtils.send options['R'] ? :rm_r : :rm, [first] + rest, :force => options['f'] end end Actually, another bit of code was also added, namely version '1.0.0' This sets the version¹ String of the command. This information is used when the command is invoked with the “‹--version›” flag. This flag is automatically added, so you don’t need to add it yourself. Another flag, “‹--help›”, is also added automatically. When given, this flag’ll make Ame output usage information of the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#version-class-method To actually run the command, all you need to do is invoke Rm.process This’ll invoke the command using the command-line arguments stored in ‹ARGV›, but you can also specify other ones if you want to: Rm.process 'rm', %w[-r /tmp/*] The first argument to #process¹ is the name of the method to invoke, which defaults to ‹File.basename($0)›, and the second argument is an Array of Strings that should be processed as command-line arguments passed to the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#process-class-method If you’d store the complete ‹Rm› class defined above in a file called ‹rm› and add ‹#! /usr/bin/ruby -w› at the beginning and ‹Rm.process› at the end, you’d have a fully functional ‹rm› command (after making it executable). Let’s see it in action: % rm --help Usage: rm [OPTIONS]... FILE... Remove directory entries Arguments: FILE... File to remove Options: -R Remove file hierarchies -f Do not prompt for confirmation --help Display help for this method -i Prompt for confirmation -r Equivalent to -R --version Display version information % rm --version rm 1.0.0 Some commands are more complex than ‹rm›. For example, ‹git›¹ has a rather complex command-line interface. We won’t mimic it all here, but let’s introduce the rest of the Ame API using a fake ‹git› clone as an example. ¹ See http://git-scm.com/docs/ ‹Git› uses sub-commands to achieve most things. Implementing sub-commands with Ame is done using a “dispatch”. We’ll discuss dispatches in more detail later, but suffice it to say that a dispatch delegates processing to a child class that’ll handle the sub-command in question. We begin by defining our main ‹git› command using a class called ‹Git› under the ‹Git::CLI› namespace: module Git end class Git::CLI < Ame::Root version '1.0.0' class Git < Ame::Class description 'The stupid content tracker' def initialize; end We’re setting things up to use the ‹Git› class as a dispatch in the ‹Git::CLI› class. The description on the ‹initialize› method will be used as a description of the ‹git› dispatch command itself. Next, let’s add the ‹format-patch›¹ sub-command: description 'Prepare patches for e-mail submission' flag ?n, 'numbered', false, 'Name output in [PATCH n/m] format' flag ?N, 'no-numbered', nil, 'Name output in [PATCH] format' do |options| options['numbered'] = false end toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' flag '', 'no-thread', nil, 'Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers' do |options, _| options.delete 'thread' end option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' def format_patch(since = '', options = {}) p since, options end ¹ See http://git-scm.com/docs/git-format-patch/ We’re using quite a few new Ame commands here. Let’s look at each in turn: toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' A “toggle”¹ is a flag that also has an inverse. Beyond the flags ‘s’ and “signoff”, the toggle also defines “no-signoff”, which will set “signoff” to false. This is useful if you want to support configuration files that set “signoff”’s default to true, but still allow it to be overridden on the command line. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#toggle-class-method When using the short form of a toggle (and flag and switch), multiple ones may be juxtaposed after the initial one. For example, “‹-sn›” is equivalent to “‹-s -n›” to “git format-patch›”. switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' A “switch”¹ is an option that takes an optional argument. This allows you to have separate defaults for when the switch isn’t present on the command line and for when it’s given without an argument. The third argument to a switch is the name of the argument. We’re also introducing a new concept here in ‹Ame::Types::Enumeration›. An enumeration² allows you to limit the allowed input to a set of Symbols. An enumeration also has a default value in the first item to its constructor (which is aliased as ‹.[]›). In this case, the “thread” switch defaults to nil, but, when given, will default to ‹:shallow› if no argument is given. If an argument is given it must be either “shallow” or “deep”. A switch isn’t required to take an enumeration as its argument default and can take any kind of default value for its argument that Ame knows how to handle. We’ll look at this in more detail later, but know that the type of the default value will be used to inform Ame how to parse a command-line argument into a Ruby value. An argument to a switch must be given, in this case, as “‹--thread=deep›” on the command line. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#switch-class-method ² See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Types/Enumeration/ option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' An “option”¹ is an option that takes an argument. The argument must always be present and may be given, in this case, as “‹--start-number=2›” or “‹--start-number 2›” on the command line. For a short-form option, anything that follows the option is seen as an argument, so assuming that “start-number” also had a short name of ‘S’, “‹-S2›” would be equivalent to “‹-S 2›”, which would be equivalent to “‹--start-number 2›”. Note that “‹-snS2›” would still work as expected. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#option-class-method multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' A “multioption”¹ is an option that takes an argument and may be repeated any number of times. Each argument will be added to an Array stored in the Hash that maps option names to their values. Instead of taking a default argument, it takes a type for the argument (String, in this case). Again, types are used to inform Ame how to parse command-line arguments into Ruby values. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#multioption-class-method optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' An “optional”¹ argument is an argument that isn’t required. If it’s not present on the command line it’ll get its default value (the String ‹'N/A'›, in this case). ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#optional-class-method We’ve now covered all kinds of options and one new kind of argument. There are three more types of argument (one that we’ve already seen and two new) that we’ll look into now: “argument”, “splat”, and “splus”. description 'Annotate file lines with commit information' argument 'FILE', String, 'File to annotate' def annotate(file) p file end An “argument”¹ is an argument that’s required. If it’s not present on the command line, an error will be raised (and by default reported to the terminal). As it’s required, it doesn’t take a default, but rather a type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#argument-class-method description 'Add file contents to the index' splat 'PATHSPEC', String, 'Files to add content from' def add(paths) p paths end A “splat”¹ is an argument that’s not required, but may be given any number of times. The type of a splat is the type of one argument and the type of a splat as a whole is an Array of values of that type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splat-class-method description 'Display gitattributes information' splus 'PATHNAME', String, 'Files to list attributes of' def check_attr(paths) p paths end A “splus”¹ is an argument that’s required, but may also be given any number of times. The type of a splus is the type of one argument and the type of a splus as a whole is an Array of values of that type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splus-class-method Now that we’ve seen all kinds of options and arguments, let’s look on an additional tool at our disposal, the dispatch¹. class Remote < Ame::Class description 'Manage set of remote repositories' def initialize; end description 'Shows a list of existing remotes' flag 'v', 'verbose', false, 'Show remote URL after name' def list(options = {}) p options end description 'Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL' argument 'name', String, 'Name of the remote to add' argument 'url', String, 'URL to the repository of the remote to add' def add(name, url) p name, url end end ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#dispatch-class-method Here we’re defining a child class to Git::CLI::Git called “Remote” that doesn’t introduce anything new. Then we set up the dispatch: dispatch Remote, :default => 'list' This adds a method called “remote” to Git::CLI::Git that will dispatch processing of the command line to an instance of the Remote class when “‹git remote›” is seen on the command line. The “remote” method expects an argument that’ll be used to decide what sub-command to execute. Here we’ve specified that in the absence of such an argument, the “list” method should be invoked. We add the same kind of dispatch to Git under Git::CLI: dispatch Git and then we’re done. Here’s all the previous code in its entirety: module Git end class Git::CLI < Ame::Root version '1.0.0' class Git < Ame::Class description 'The stupid content tracker' def initialize; end description 'Prepare patches for e-mail submission' flag ?n, 'numbered', false, 'Name output in [PATCH n/m] format' flag ?N, 'no-numbered', nil, 'Name output in [PATCH] format' do |options| options['numbered'] = false end toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' flag '', 'no-thread', nil, 'Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers' do |options, _| options.delete 'thread' end option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' def format_patch(since = '', options = {}) p since, options end description 'Annotate file lines with commit information' argument 'FILE', String, 'File to annotate' def annotate(file) p file end description 'Add file contents to the index' splat 'PATHSPEC', String, 'Files to add content from' def add(paths) p paths end description 'Display gitattributes information' splus 'PATHNAME', String, 'Files to list attributes of' def check_attr(paths) p paths end class Remote < Ame::Class description 'Manage set of remote repositories' def initialize; end description 'Shows a list of existing remotes' flag 'v', 'verbose', false, 'Show remote URL after name' def list(options = {}) p options end description 'Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL' argument 'name', String, 'Name of the remote to add' argument 'url', String, 'URL to the repository of the remote to add' def add(name, url) p name, url end end dispatch Remote, :default => 'list' end dispatch Git end If we put this code in a file called “git” and add ‹#! /usr/bin/ruby -w› at the beginning and ‹Git::CLI.process› at the end, you’ll have a very incomplete git command-line interface on your hands. Let’s look at what some of its ‹--help› output looks like: % git --help Usage: git [OPTIONS]... METHOD [ARGUMENTS]... The stupid content tracker Arguments: METHOD Method to run [ARGUMENTS]... Arguments to pass to METHOD Options: --help Display help for this method --version Display version information Methods: add Add file contents to the index annotate Annotate file lines with commit information check-attr Display gitattributes information format-patch Prepare patches for e-mail submission remote Manage set of remote repositories % git format-patch --help Usage: git format-patch [OPTIONS]... [SINCE] Prepare patches for e-mail submission Arguments: [SINCE=N/A] Generate patches for commits after SINCE Options: -N, --no-numbered Name output in [PATCH] format --help Display help for this method -n, --numbered Name output in [PATCH n/m] format --no-thread Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers -s, --signoff Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message --start-number=N Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1 --thread[=STYLE] Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers --to=ADDRESS* Add a To: header to the email headers % git remote --help Usage: git remote [OPTIONS]... [METHOD] [ARGUMENTS]... Manage set of remote repositories Arguments: [METHOD=list] Method to run [ARGUMENTS]... Arguments to pass to METHOD Options: --help Display help for this method Methods: add Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL list Shows a list of existing remotes § API The previous section gave an introduction to the whole user API in an informal and introductory way. For an indepth reference to the user API, see the {user API documentation}¹. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/ If you want to extend the API or use it in some way other than as a command-line-interface writer, see the {developer API documentation}¹. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/developer/Ame/ § Financing Currently, most of my time is spent at my day job and in my rather busy private life. Please motivate me to spend time on this piece of software by donating some of your money to this project. Yeah, I realize that requesting money to develop software is a bit, well, capitalistic of me. But please realize that I live in a capitalistic society and I need money to have other people give me the things that I need to continue living under the rules of said society. So, if you feel that this piece of software has helped you out enough to warrant a reward, please PayPal a donation to now@disu.se¹. Thanks! Your support won’t go unnoticed! ¹ Send a donation: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=now@disu.se&item_name=Ame § Reporting Bugs Please report any bugs that you encounter to the {issue tracker}¹. ¹ See https://github.com/now/ame/issues § Authors Nikolai Weibull wrote the code, the tests, the documentation, and this README. § Licensing Ame is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the {GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3}¹ or later², as published by the {Free Software Foundation}³. ¹ See http://disu.se/licenses/lgpl-3.0/ ² See http://gnu.org/licenses/ ³ See http://fsf.org/

README ====== This is a simple API to evaluate information retrieval results. It allows you to load ranked and unranked query results and calculate various evaluation metrics (precision, recall, MAP, kappa) against a previously loaded gold standard. Start this program from the command line with: retreval -l <gold-standard-file> -q <query-results> -f <format> -o <output-prefix> The options are outlined when you pass no arguments and just call retreval You will find further information in the RDOC documentation and the HOWTO section below. If you want to see an example, use this command: retreval -l example/gold_standard.yml -q example/query_results.yml -f yaml -v INSTALLATION ============ If you have RubyGems, just run gem install retreval You can manually download the sources and build the Gem from there by `cd`ing to the folder where this README is saved and calling gem build retreval.gemspec This will create a gem file called which you just have to install with `gem install <file>` and you're done. HOWTO ===== This API supports the following evaluation tasks: - Loading a Gold Standard that takes a set of documents, queries and corresponding judgements of relevancy (i.e. "Is this document relevant for this query?") - Calculation of the _kappa measure_ for the given gold standard - Loading ranked or unranked query results for a certain query - Calculation of _precision_ and _recall_ for each result - Calculation of the _F-measure_ for weighing precision and recall - Calculation of _mean average precision_ for multiple query results - Calculation of the _11-point precision_ and _average precision_ for ranked query results - Printing of summary tables and results Typically, you will want to use this Gem either standalone or within another application's context. Standalone Usage ================ Call parameters --------------- After installing the Gem (see INSTALLATION), you can always call `retreval` from the commandline. The typical call is: retreval -l <gold-standard-file> -q <query-results> -f <format> -o <output-prefix> Where you have to define the following options: - `gold-standard-file` is a file in a specified format that includes all the judgements - `query-results` is a file in a specified format that includes all the query results in a single file - `format` is the format that the files will use (either "yaml" or "plain") - `output-prefix` is the prefix of output files that will be created Formats ------- Right now, we focus on the formats you can use to load data into the API. Currently, we support YAML files that must adhere to a special syntax. So, in order to load a gold standard, we need a file in the following format: * "query" denotes the query * "documents" these are the documents judged for this query * "id" the ID of the document (e.g. its filename, etc.) * "judgements" an array of judgements, each one with: * "relevant" a boolean value of the judgment (relevant or not) * "user" an optional identifier of the user Example file, with one query, two documents, and one judgement: - query: 12th air force germany 1957 documents: - id: g5701s.ict21311 judgements: [] - id: g5701s.ict21313 judgements: - relevant: false user: 2 So, when calling the program, specify the format as `yaml`. For the query results, a similar format is used. Note that it is necessary to specify whether the result sets are ranked or not, as this will heavily influence the calculations. You can specify the score for a document. By "score" we mean the score that your retrieval algorithm has given the document. But this is not necessary. The documents will always be ranked in the order of their appearance, regardless of their score. Thus in the following example, the document with "07" at the end is the first and "25" is the last, regardless of the score. --- query: 12th air force germany 1957 ranked: true documents: - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21307 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21309 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21311 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21313 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21315 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21317 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21319 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21321 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21323 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21325 --- query: 1612 ranked: true documents: - score: 1.0174774 document: g3290.np000144 - score: 0.763108 document: g3201b.ct000726 - score: 0.763108 document: g3400.ct000886 - score: 0.6359234 document: g3201s.ct000130 --- **Note**: You can also use the `plain` format, which will load the gold standard in a different way (but not the results): my_query my_document_1 false my_query my_document_2 true See that every query/document/relevancy pair is separated by a tabulator? You can also add the user's ID in the fourth column if necessary. Running the evaluation ----------------------- After you have specified the input files and the format, you can run the program. If needed, the `-v` switch will turn on verbose messages, such as information on how many judgements, documents and users there are, but this shouldn't be necessary. The program will first load the gold standard and then calculate the statistics for each result set. The output files are automatically created and contain a YAML representation of the results. Calculations may take a while depending on the amount of judgements and documents. If there are a thousand judgements, always consider a few seconds for each result set. Interpreting the output files ------------------------------ Two output files will be created: - `output_avg_precision.yml` - `output_statistics.yml` The first lists the average precision for each query in the query result file. The second file lists all supported statistics for each query in the query results file. For example, for a ranked evaluation, the first two entries of such a query result statistic look like this: --- 12th air force germany 1957: - :precision: 0.0 :recall: 0.0 :false_negatives: 1 :false_positives: 1 :true_negatives: 2516 :true_positives: 0 :document: g5701s.ict21313 :relevant: false - :precision: 0.0 :recall: 0.0 :false_negatives: 1 :false_positives: 2 :true_negatives: 2515 :true_positives: 0 :document: g5701s.ict21317 :relevant: false You can see the precision and recall for that specific point and also the number of documents for the contingency table (true/false positives/negatives). Also, the document identifier is given. API Usage ========= Using this API in another ruby application is probably the more common use case. All you have to do is include the Gem in your Ruby or Ruby on Rails application. For details about available methods, please refer to the API documentation generated by RDoc. **Important**: For this implementation, we use the document ID, the query and the user ID as the primary keys for matching objects. This means that your documents and queries are identified by a string and thus the strings should be sanitized first. Loading the Gold Standard ------------------------- Once you have loaded the Gem, you will probably start by creating a new gold standard. gold_standard = GoldStandard.new Then, you can load judgements into this standard, either from a file, or manually: gold_standard.load_from_yaml_file "my-file.yml" gold_standard.add_judgement :document => doc_id, :query => query_string, :relevant => boolean, :user => John There is a nice shortcut for the `add_judgement` method. Both lines are essentially the same: gold_standard.add_judgement :document => doc_id, :query => query_string, :relevant => boolean, :user => John gold_standard << :document => doc_id, :query => query_string, :relevant => boolean, :user => John Note the usage of typical Rails hashes for better readability (also, this Gem was developed to be used in a Rails webapp). Now that you have loaded the gold standard, you can do things like: gold_standard.contains_judgement? :document => "a document", :query => "the query" gold_standard.relevant? :document => "a document", :query => "the query" Loading the Query Results ------------------------- Now we want to create a new `QueryResultSet`. A query result set can contain more than one result, which is what we normally want. It is important that you specify the gold standard it belongs to. query_result_set = QueryResultSet.new :gold_standard => gold_standard Just like the Gold Standard, you can read a query result set from a file: query_result_set.load_from_yaml_file "my-results-file.yml" Alternatively, you can load the query results one by one. To do this, you have to create the results (either ranked or unranked) and then add documents: my_result = RankedQueryResult.new :query => "the query" my_result.add_document :document => "test_document 1", :score => 13 my_result.add_document :document => "test_document 2", :score => 11 my_result.add_document :document => "test_document 3", :score => 3 This result would be ranked, obviously, and contain three documents. Documents can have a score, but this is optional. You can also create an Array of documents first and add them altogether: documents = Array.new documents << ResultDocument.new :id => "test_document 1", :score => 20 documents << ResultDocument.new :id => "test_document 2", :score => 21 my_result = RankedQueryResult.new :query => "the query", :documents => documents The same applies to `UnrankedQueryResult`s, obviously. The order of ranked documents is the same as the order in which they were added to the result. The `QueryResultSet` will now contain all the results. They are stored in an array called `query_results`, which you can access. So, to iterate over each result, you might want to use the following code: query_result_set.query_results.each_with_index do |result, index| # ... end Or, more simply: for result in query_result_set.query_results # ... end Calculating statistics ---------------------- Now to the interesting part: Calculating statistics. As mentioned before, there is a conceptual difference between ranked and unranked results. Unranked results are much easier to calculate and thus take less CPU time. No matter if unranked or ranked, you can get the most important statistics by just calling the `statistics` method. statistics = my_result.statistics In the simple case of an unranked result, you will receive a hash with the following information: * `precision` - the precision of the results * `recall` - the recall of the results * `false_negatives` - number of not retrieved but relevant items * `false_positives` - number of retrieved but nonrelevant * `true_negatives` - number of not retrieved and nonrelevantv items * `true_positives` - number of retrieved and relevant items In case of a ranked result, you will receive an Array that consists of _n_ such Hashes, depending on the number of documents. Each Hash will give you the information at a certain rank, e.g. the following to lines return the recall at the fourth rank. statistics = my_ranked_result.statistics statistics[3][:recall] In addition to the information mentioned above, you can also get for each rank: * `document` - the ID of the document that was returned at this rank * `relevant` - whether the document was relevant or not Calculating statistics with missing judgements ---------------------------------------------- Sometimes, you don't have judgements for all document/query pairs in the gold standard. If this happens, the results will be cleaned up first. This means that every document in the results that doesn't appear to have a judgement will be removed temporarily. As an example, take the following results: * A * B * C * D Our gold standard only contains judgements for A and C. The results will be cleaned up first, thus leading to: * A * C With this approach, we can still provide meaningful results (for precision and recall). Other statistics ---------------- There are several other statistics that can be calculated, for example the **F measure**. The F measure weighs precision and recall and has one parameter, either "alpha" or "beta". Get the F measure like so: my_result.f_measure :beta => 1 If you don't specify either alpha or beta, we will assume that beta = 1. Another interesting measure is **Cohen's Kappa**, which tells us about the inter-agreement of assessors. Get the kappa statistic like this: gold_standard.kappa This will calculate the average kappa for each pairwise combination of users in the gold standard. For ranked results one might also want to calculate an **11-point precision**. Just call the following: my_ranked_result.eleven_point_precision This will return a Hash that has indices at the 11 recall levels from 0 to 1 (with steps of 0.1) and the corresponding precision at that recall level.

Germinate is a tool for writing about code. With Germinate, the source code IS the article. For example, given the following source code: # #!/usr/bin/env ruby # :BRACKET_CODE: &lt;pre&gt;, &lt;/pre&gt; # :PROCESS: ruby, "ruby %f" # :SAMPLE: hello def hello(who) puts "Hello, #{who}" end hello("World") # :TEXT: # Check out my amazing program! Here's the hello method: # :INSERT: @hello:/def/../end/ # And here's the output: # :INSERT: @hello|ruby When we run the &lt;tt&gt;germ format&lt;/tt&gt; command the following output is generated: Check out my amazing program! Here's the hello method: &lt;pre&gt; def hello(who) puts "Hello, #{who}" end &lt;/pre&gt; And here's the output: &lt;pre&gt; Hello, World &lt;/pre&gt; To get a better idea of how this works, please take a look at link:examples/basic.rb, or run: germ generate &gt; basic.rb To generate an example article to play with. Germinate is particularly useful for writing articles, such as blog posts, which contain code excerpts. Instead of forcing you to keep a source code file and an article document in sync throughout the editing process, the Germinate motto is "The source code IS the article". Specially marked comment sections in your code file become the article text. Wherever you need to reference the source code in the article, use insertion directives to tell Germinate what parts of the code to excerpt. An advanced selector syntax enables you to be very specific about which lines of code you want to insert. If you also want to show the output of your code, Germinate has you covered. Special "process" directives enable you to define arbitrary commands which can be run on your code. The output of the command then becomes the excerpt text. You can define an arbitrary number of processes and have different excerpts showing the same code as processed by different commands. You can even string processes together into pipelines. Development of Germinate is graciously sponsored by Devver, purveyor of fine cloud-based services to busy Ruby developers. If you like this tool please check them out at http://devver.net.

# SecureDataBag / Knife Secure Bag Knife Secure Bag provides a consistent interface to DataBagItem, EncryptedDataBagItem as well as the custom created SecureDataBagItem while also providing a few extra handy features to help in your DataBag workflows. SecureDataBagItem, can not only manage your existing DataBagItems and EncryptedDataBagItems, but it also provides you with a DataBag type which enables you to selectively encrypt only some of the fields in your DataBag thus allowing you to be able to search for the remaining fields. ## Installation To build and install the plugin add it your Gemfile or run: ```shell gem install secure_data_bag ``` ## Configuration #### Knife Secure Bag Defaults for the Knife command may be provided in your _knife.rb_ file. ```ruby knife[:secure_data_bag][:encrypted_keys] = %w( password ssh_keys ssh_ids public_keys private_keys keys secret ) knife[:secure_data_bag][:secret_file] = "#{local_dir}/secret.pem" knife[:secure_data_bag][:export_root] = "#{kitchen_dir}/data_bags" knife[:secure_data_bag][:export_on_upload] = true knife[:secure_data_bag][:defaults][:secrets][:export_format] = 'plain' ``` To break this up: `knife[:secure_data_bag][:encrypted_keys] = []` When Knife Secure Bag encrypts a hash with an _encryption format_ of *nested*, it will recursively walk through the hash from the bottom up and encrypt any key found within this array. `knife[:secure_data_bag][:secret_file]` When encryption is required, the shared secret found at this location will be loaded. `knife[:secure_data_bag][:export_root]` When exporting a data\_bag\_item, files will be created in below this root directory. Typically this would be the data\_bag folder located within your kitchen. `knife[:secure_data_bag][:export_on_upload]` When a data\_bag\_item is edited using `knife secure bag edit`, it may be automatically exported to the _export\_root_. `knife[:secure_data_bag][:defaults][:secrets][:export_format]` The configuration file additionally supports the _defaults_ hash which provides default values for all _command line arguments_ that one might use. Of all of them only the _export\_format_ key is likely to be of much use. ## Examples #### Chef cookbook recipe ```ruby metadata = {} # Define the keys we wish to encrypt metadata[:encrypted_keys] = %w(encoded) # Optionally load a specific shared secret. Otherwise, the global # encrypted\_data\_bag\_secret will be automatically used. secret_key = SecureDataBagItem.load_key("/path/to/secret") # Create a hash of data to use as an exampe raw_data = { id: "item", data_bag: "data_bag", encoded: "my string", unencoded: "other string" } # Instantiate a SecureDataBagItem from a hash item = SecureDataBagItem.from_hash(data, metadata) # Or more explicitely item = SecureDataBagItem.from_hash(data, encrypted_keys: %w(encoded)) # Or load from server item = SecureDataBagItem.load("data_bag", "item") # Print the un-encrypted raw data pp item.raw_data # Print the un-encrypted `encoded` key pp item['encoded'] # Print the encrypted hash as a data_bag_item hash pp item.to_hash =begin { id: "item", data_bag: "data_bag", encoded: { encrypted_data: "encoded", cipher: aes-256-cbc, iv: 13453453dkgfefg== version: 1 } unencoded: "other string", } =end ``` ## Usage #### Knife commands Print an DataBagItem, EncryptedDataBagItem or SecureDataBagItem, auto-detecting the encryption method used as plain text. ```shell knife secure bag show -F js secrets secret_item ``` Print an DataBagItem, EncryptedDataBagItem or SecureDataBagItem, auto-detecting the encryption method used as a SecureDataBagItem in encrypted format. ```shell knife secure bag show -F js secrets secret_item --enc-format nested ``` Edit an EncryptedDataBagItem, preserve it's encryption type, and export a copy to the _data\_bag_ folder in your kitchen. ```shell knife secure bag edit secrets secret_item --export ``` ## Knife SubCommands Most of the SubCommands support the following command-line options: `--enc-format [plain,encrypted,nested]` Ensure that, when displaying or uploading the data\_bag\_item, we forcibly encrypt the data\_bag\_item using the specified format instead of preserving the existing format. In this case: - plain: refers to a DataBagItem - encrypted: refers to an EnrytpedDataBagItem - nested: refers to a SecureDataBagItem `--dec-format [plain,encrypted,nested]` Attempt to decrypt the data\_bag\_item using the given format rather than the auto-detected one. The only real reason to use this is when you wish to specifically select _plain_ as the format so as to not decrypt the item. `--enc-keys key1,key2,key3` Provide a comma delimited list of hash keys which should be encrypted when encrypting the data\_bag\_item. This list will be concatenated with any key names listed in the configuration file or which were previously encrypted. `--export` Export the data\_bag\_item to json file in either of _export-format_ or _enc-format_. `--export-format` Overrides the encryption format only for the _export_ feature. `--export-root` Root directly under which a folder should exist for each _data_bag_ into which to export _data_bag_items_ as json files. When displaying the content of the _data\_bag\_item_, an additional key of *_secure_metadata* will be added to the output which contains gem specific metadata such as the encryption formats and any encrypted keys found. This key will _not_ be saved with the item, however it may be manipulated to alter the behavior of the _edit_ or _export_ commands. #### knife secure bag show DATA_BAG ITEM This command functions just like `knife data bag show` and is used to print out the content of either a DataBagItem, EncryptedDataBagItem or SecureDataBagItem. By default, it will auto-detect the Item type, and print it's unencrypted version to the terminal. This behavior, however, may be altered using the previously mentioned command line options. #### knife secure bag open PATH This commands functions much like `knife secure bag show`, however it is designed to load a _data\_bag\_item_ from disk as opposed to loading it from Chef server. This may be of use when view the content of an exported encrypted file. #### knife secure bag edit DATA_BAG DATA_BAG_ITEM This command functions just like `knife data bag edit` and is used to edit either a DataBagItem, EncryptedDataBagItem or a SecureDataBagItem. It supports all of the same options as `knife secure bag show`. #### knife secure bag from file DATA_BAG PATH This command functions just like `knife data bag from file` and is used to upload either a DataBagItem, EncryptedDataBagItem or a SecureDataBagItem. It supports all of the same options as `knife secure bag show`. ## Recipe DSL The gem additionally provides a few Recipe DSL methods which may be useful. ```ruby load_secure_item = secure_data_bag_item( data_bag_name, data_bag_item, cache: false ) load_plain_item = data_bag_item(data_bag_name, data_bag_item) convert_plain_to_secure = secure_data_bag_item!(load_plain_item) ```

:title: The Ruby API :section: PYAPNS::Client There's python in my ruby! This is a class used to send notifications, provision applications and retrieve feedback using the Apple Push Notification Service. PYAPNS is a multi-application APS provider, meaning it is possible to send notifications to any number of different applications from the same application and same server. It is also possible to scale the client to any number of processes and servers, simply balanced behind a simple web proxy. It may seem like overkill for such a bare interface - after all, the APS service is rather simplistic. However, PYAPNS takes no shortcuts when it comes to completeness/compliance with the APNS protocol and allows the user many optimization and scaling vectors not possible with other libraries. No bandwidth is wasted, connections are persistent and the server is asynchronous therefore notifications are delivered immediately. PYAPNS takes after the design of 3rd party push notification service that charge a fee each time you push a notification, and charge extra for so-called 'premium' service which supposedly gives you quicker access to the APS servers. However, PYAPNS is free, as in beer and offers more scaling opportunities without the financial draw. :section: Provisioning To add your app to the PYAPNS server, it must be `provisioned` at least once. Normally this is done once upon the start-up of your application, be it a web service, desktop application or whatever... It must be done at least once to the server you're connecting to. Multiple instances of PYAPNS will have to have their applications provisioned individually. To provision an application manually use the `PYAPNS::Client#provision` method. require 'pyapns' client = PYAPNS::Client.configure client.provision :app_id => 'cf', :cert => '/home/ss/cert.pem', :env => 'sandbox', :timeout => 15 This basically says "add an app reference named 'cf' to the server and start a connection using the certification, and if it can't within 15 seconds, raise a `PYAPNS::TimeoutException` That's all it takes to get started. Of course, this can be done automatically by using PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration middleware. `PYAPNS::Client` is a singleton class that is configured using the class method `PYAPNS::Client#configure`. It is sensibly configured by default, but can be customized by specifying a hash See the docs on `PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration` for a list of available configuration parameters (some of these are important, and you can specify initial applications) to be configured by default. :section: Sending Notifications Once your client is configured, and application provisioned (again, these should be taken care of before you write notification code) you can begin sending notifications to users. If you're wondering how to acquire a notification token, you've come to the wrong place... I recommend using google. However, if you want to send hundreds of millions of notifications to users, here's how it's done, one at a time... The `PYAPNS::Client#notify` is a sort of polymorphic method which can notify any number of devices at a time. It's basic form is as follows: client.notify 'cf', 'long ass app token', {:aps=> {:alert => 'hello?'}} However, as stated before, it is sort of polymorphic: client.notify 'cf', ['token', 'token2', 'token3'], [alert, alert2, alert3] client.notify :app_id => 'cf', :tokens => 'mah token', :notifications => alertHash client.notify 'cf', 'token', PYAPNS::Notification('hello tits!') As you can see, the method accepts paralell arrays of tokens and notifications meaning any number of notifications can be sent at once. Hashes will be automatically converted to `PYAPNS::Notification` objects so they can be optimized for the wire (nil values removed, etc...), and you can pass `PYAPNS::Notification` objects directly if you wish. :section: Retrieving Feedback The APS service offers a feedback functionality that allows application servers to retrieve a list of device tokens it deems to be no longer in use, and the time it thinks they stopped being useful (the user uninstalled your app, better luck next time...) Sounds pretty straight forward, and it is. Apple recommends you do this at least once an hour. PYAPNS will return a list of 2-element lists with the date and the token: feedbacks = client.feedback 'cf' :section: Asynchronous Calls PYAPNS::Client will, by default, perform no funny stuff and operate entirely within the calling thread. This means that certain applications may hang when, say, sending a notification, if only for a fraction of a second. Obviously not a desirable trait, all `provision`, `feedback` and `notify` methods also take a block, which indicates to the method you want to call PYAPNS asynchronously, and it will be done so handily in another thread, calling back your block with a single argument when finished. Note that `notify` and `provision` return absolutely nothing (nil, for you rub--wait you are ruby developers!). It is probably wise to always use this form of operation so your calling thread is never blocked (especially important in UI-driven apps and asynchronous servers) Just pass a block to provision/notify/feedback like so: PYAPNS::Client.instance.feedback do |feedbacks| feedbacks.each { |f| trim_token f } end :section: PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration A middleware class to make `PYAPNS::Client` easy to use in web contexts Automates configuration of the client in Rack environments using a simple confiuration middleware. To use `PYAPNS::Client` in Rack environments with the least code possible `use PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration` (no, really, in some cases, that's all you need!) middleware with an optional hash specifying the client variables. Options are as follows: use PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration( :host => 'http://localhost/' :port => 7077, :initial => [{ :app_id => 'myapp', :cert => '/home/myuser/apps/myapp/cert.pem', :env => 'sandbox', :timeout => 15 }]) Where the configuration variables are defined: :host String the host where the server can be found :port Number the port to which the client should connect :initial Array OPTIONAL - an array of INITIAL hashes INITIAL HASHES: :app_id String the id used to send messages with this certification can be a totally arbitrary value :cert String a path to the certification or the certification file as a string :env String the environment to connect to apple with, always either 'sandbox' or 'production' :timoeut Number The timeout for the server to use when connecting to the apple servers :section: PYAPNS::Notification An APNS Notification You can construct notification objects ahead of time by using this class. However unnecessary, it allows you to programmatically generate a Notification like so: note = PYAPNS::Notification.new 'alert text', 9, 'flynn.caf', {:extra => 'guid'} -- or -- note = PYAPNS::Notification.new 'alert text' These can be passed to `PYAPNS::Client#notify` the same as hashes

Germinate is a tool for writing about code. With Germinate, the source code IS the article. For example, given the following source code: # #!/usr/bin/env ruby # :BRACKET_CODE: &lt;pre&gt;, &lt;/pre&gt; # :PROCESS: ruby, &quot;ruby %f&quot; # :SAMPLE: hello def hello(who) puts &quot;Hello, #{who}&quot; end hello(&quot;World&quot;) # :TEXT: # Check out my amazing program! Here's the hello method: # :INSERT: @hello:/def/../end/ # And here's the output: # :INSERT: @hello|ruby When we run the &lt;tt&gt;germ format&lt;/tt&gt; command the following output is generated: Check out my amazing program! Here's the hello method: &lt;pre&gt; def hello(who) puts &quot;Hello, #{who}&quot; end &lt;/pre&gt; And here's the output: &lt;pre&gt; Hello, World &lt;/pre&gt; To get a better idea of how this works, please take a look at link:examples/basic.rb, or run: germ generate &gt; basic.rb To generate an example article to play with. Germinate is particularly useful for writing articles, such as blog posts, which contain code excerpts. Instead of forcing you to keep a source code file and an article document in sync throughout the editing process, the Germinate motto is &quot;The source code IS the article&quot;. Specially marked comment sections in your code file become the article text. Wherever you need to reference the source code in the article, use insertion directives to tell Germinate what parts of the code to excerpt. An advanced selector syntax enables you to be very specific about which lines of code you want to insert. If you also want to show the output of your code, Germinate has you covered. Special &quot;process&quot; directives enable you to define arbitrary commands which can be run on your code. The output of the command then becomes the excerpt text. You can define an arbitrary number of processes and have different excerpts showing the same code as processed by different commands. You can even string processes together into pipelines. Development of Germinate is graciously sponsored by Devver, purveyor of fine cloud-based services to busy Ruby developers. If you like this tool please check them out at http://devver.net.

== Easily add colors, boxes, repetitions and emojis to your terminal output using pipes (|). Install using the Ruby Gem: > gem install pipetext Includes a library module which can be included in your code: require 'pipetext' class YellowPrinter include PipeText def print(string) write('|Y' + string + '|n') end end printer = YellowPrinter.new printer.print('This is yellow') The gem includes a command line interface too: > pipetext > pipetext '|Ccyan|n' Easily set your bash prompt colors using pipetext: > PS1=$(pipetext '|$|g\u|n@|g\h|n:|g\w|n$ ') Works with files: > pipetext <filename> Works with pipes too: > echo '|RRed test |u1f49c|n' | pipetext --- | pipe || & ampersand && Toggle (&) background color mode |& smoke |s white |W black text on white background |k&w red |r bright red |R red background &r green |g bright green |G green background &g blue |b bright blue |B blue background &b cyan |c bright cyan |C cyan background &c yellow |y bright yellow |Y yellow background &y magenta |m bright magenta |M magenta background &m --- Hex RGB color codes: Foreground |#RRGGBB Background &#RRGGBB Palette colors (256) using Hex: |p33&pF8 Clear Screen |! black with white background |K&w Blinking |@ white with magenta background |w&m invert |i smoke with green background |s&g Underlined |_ red with cyan background |r&c Italics |~ bright red with blue background |R&b Bold |+ green with yellow background |g&y Faint |. bright green with red background |G&r Crossed out |x normal color and background |n&n Escape Sequence |\ Center text using current position and line end number |{text to center} Add spaces to line end |; Set line end |]# Set current x,y cursor position |[x,y] Terminal bell |[bell] Move cursor up 1 line |^ Hide cursor |h Move cursor down 1 line |v Unhide cursor |H Move cursor forward 1 character |> Sleep timer in seconds |[#s] Move cursor back 1 character |< Sleep timer in milliseconds |[#ms] Capture variable |(variable name=data) Display variable |(variable name) Add to variable |(variable name+=data) Subtract from variable |(variable name-=data) Multiple variable |(variable name*=data) Divide variable |(variable name/=data) Copy variable to current number |(#variable name) |$ toggles [ and ] around empty sequences automatically for bash command prompts --- Emojis: https://unicode.org/emoji/charts/full-emoji-list.html |[Abbreviated CLDR Short Name] 😍 |[smiling face with heart-eyes] or ⚙ |[gear] 💤 |[zzz] 👨 |[man] 😍 |[sm f w he e] ✔ |U2714 ❌ |U274c ☮ |u262E 💎 |u1f48e 💜 |u1f49c --- Single or double line box mode with |- or |= ┌──┬──┐ ╔══╦══╗ +--+--+ <-- Draw this with this: |15 |-[--v--] |=[--v--] |o[--v--] │ │ │ ║ ║ ║ | | | |15 |-! ! ! |=! ! ! |o! ! ! 123456789012345├──┴──┤ ╠══╩══╣ +--+--+ |y1234567890|g12345|n|->--^--< |=>--^--< |o>--^--< 15 Spaces │ │ ║ ║ | | |c15|n Spaces|6 |-! ! |=! ! |o! ! (|15 ) └─────┘ ╚═════╝ +-----+ (||15 )|9 |-{-----} |={-----} |o{-----} ┌──────────────────┐ ╔════════════════════╗ |-[|18-]|4 |g&m|=[|20-]|n&n|O │ │ ║ ║ |-!|18 !|4 |g&m|=!|20 !|n&n|O ├──────────────────┤ ╠════════════════════╣ |->|18-<|4 &m|g|=>|20-<|n&n|O │ │ ║ ║ |-!|18 !|4 |g&m|=!|20 !|n&n|O └──────────────────┘ ╚════════════════════╝ |-{|18-}|4 |g&m|={|20-}|n&n|O --- Repetition using | followed by the number of characters to repeat and then the character to repeat. |15* does the * character 15 times like this: *************** --- ==Use the ++pipetext++ command to see other options and examples.

= TMail http://tmail.rubyforge.org/ Mikel Lindsaar maintainer Trans assitant developer Minero Aoki original developer == NOTE: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! THIS IS A FORK OF TMAIL HACKED TOGETHER TO WORK WITH RUBY 1.9.1 ! ! USE AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! == DESCRIPTION: TMail is a mail handling library for Ruby. It abstracts a mail message into a usable object allowing you to read, set, add and delete headers and the mail body. TMail is used by the Ruby on Rails web framework as the Email abstraction layer for their ActionMailer module. It is also used by the Nitro framework and many other applications on and off the web. The goal of the TMail handling library is to be able to parse and handle raw Email sources and produce RFC compliant Emails as a result. If you find something that TMail does that violates an RFC, we want to know and we'll get it fixed fast. == DOCUMENTATION: The place you will want to look first is the TMail::Mail class. This has the vast majority of methods you will be using to talk to your TMail object. == FEATURES/PROBLEMS: TMail is fairly RFC compliant on the handling of emails. There are also some problems in the header handling, but for 99.9% of email, you will be fine. Usually, the problems revolve around parsing incomming emails and making sense of them. I really welcome any examples of Emails that "didn't work" with TMail so I can use them as test cases. == SYNOPSIS: TMail is very easy to use. You simply require the library and then pass a raw email text message into the TMail::Mail.parse method. This returns a TMail::Mail object which you can now query and run methods against to modify, inspect or add to the Email. You can find almost all of the methods that you will use to talk to and update a TMail instance in the TMail::Mail class. I am constantly updating this code, with comments, added a fair bit and have a lot more to go!. === Short Version: irb(main):001:0&gt; require 'tmail' irb(main):002:0&gt; raw_email = File.open("my_raw_email", 'r') { |f| @mail = f.read } irb(main):003:0&gt; email = TMail::Mail.parse(raw_email) irb(main):004:0&gt; puts email['to'] mikel@example.com =&gt; nil irb(main):005:0&gt; email['to'] = 'mikel@somewhere.else.com' =&gt; "mikel@somewhere.else.com" irb(main):006:0&gt; puts email['to'] mikel@somewhere.else.com =&gt; nil === Longer Version: Assuming you have a single raw email in the variable my_message, you can do the following: require 'tmail' email = TMail::Mail.parse(my_message) This will give you a TMail::Mail class containing your parsed message. There are other methods of opening emails through Ports. You can view this email by a simple puts: puts email Return-Path: &lt;mikel@nowhere.com&gt; Date: Sun, 21 Oct 2007 19:38:13 +1000 From: Mikel Lindsaar &lt;mikel@nowhere.com&gt; To: mikel@somewhere.com Message-Id: &lt;009601c813c6$19df3510$0437d30a@mikel091a&gt; Subject: Testing Email Hello Mikel Easy right? === Adding a header to the EMail: Say now that you have opened your message, you want to put in a Reply-To field. You do this like so: email['reply-to'] = "My Email Address &lt;my_address@anotherplace.com&gt;" Is it really there? Well, find out with a puts: puts email Return-Path: &lt;mikel@nowhere.com&gt; Date: Sun, 21 Oct 2007 19:38:13 +1000 From: Mikel Lindsaar &lt;mikel@nowhere.com&gt; Reply-To: My Email Address &lt;my_address@anotherplace.com&gt; To: mikel@somewhere.com Message-Id: &lt;009601c813c6$19df3510$0437d30a@mikel091a&gt; Subject: Testing Email Hello Mikel Yup looks good. === Inspecting a header: You can then inspect your added header by doing: email['reply-to'] # =&gt; #&lt;TMail::AddressHeader "My Email Address &lt;my_address@anotherplace.com&gt;"&gt; If you just want to the actual value, not the AddressHeader object, pass to_s to this. email['reply-to'].to_s # =&gt; "My Email Address &lt;my_address@anotherplace.com&gt;" === Deleting a header: One way of deleting a header from an Email is just assigning it nil like so: email['reply-to'] = nil # =&gt; nil If you now puts the email again, it will not be included: puts email Return-Path: &lt;mikel@nowhere.com&gt; Date: Sun, 21 Oct 2007 19:38:13 +1000 From: Mikel Lindsaar &lt;mikel@nowhere.com&gt; To: mikel@somewhere.com Message-Id: &lt;009601c813c6$19df3510$0437d30a@mikel091a&gt; Subject: Testing Email Hello Mikel === Writing out an Email: You can just call to_s on any email to have it serialized out as a single string with the right number of line breaks and encodings. == CONTRIBUTING: You can visit the {Contributing to TMail}[link:http://tmail.rubyforge.org/contributing/] to find out how to contribute to TMail, developers are welcome and wanted! == REQUIREMENTS: * C compiler if you want the Ruby extension for Scanner * Ruby 1.8 or later == INSTALLATION: * sudo gem install tmail Or manually, * sudo script/setup == LICENSE: (The MIT License) Copyright (c) 2007 FIX Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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