Results for form-doc

facebook_registration is a ruby library for displaying new Facebook Registration form and to parse to signed_request[http://developers.facebook.com/docs/plugins/registration].

# SDKs generated by Sideko Netlify is a hosting service for the programmable web. It understands your documents and provides an API to handle atomic deploys of websites, manage form submissions, inject JavaScript snippets, and much more. This is a REST-style API that uses JSON for serialization and OAuth 2 for authentication. This document is an OpenAPI reference for the Netlify API that you can explore. For more detailed instructions for common uses, please visit the [online documentation](https://www.netlify.com/docs/api/). Visit our Community forum to join the conversation about [understanding and using Netlify’s API](https://community.netlify.com/t/common-issue-understanding-and-using-netlifys-api/160). Additionally, we have five API clients for your convenience: - [Python Client](https://github.com/sideko/netlify-python) - [Typescript Client](https://github.com/sideko/netlify-typescript) - [Ruby Client](https://github.com/sideko/netlify-ruby) - [Go Client](https://github.com/sideko/netlify-go) - [Rust Client](https://github.com/sideko/netlify-rust)

The Postman API enables you to programmatically access data stored in your Postman account. For a comprehensive set of examples of requests and responses, see the [**Postman API** collection](https://www.postman.com/postman/workspace/postman-public-workspace/documentation/12959542-c8142d51-e97c-46b6-bd77-52bb66712c9a). ## Important - You must pass an `Accept` header with the `application/vnd.api.v10+json` value to use v10 and higher endpoints. While some of these endpoints may appear the same as the deprecated Postman v9 endpoints, they will use the v10 behavior when you send this `Accept` header. For more information, see [About v9 and v10 APIs](https://learning.postman.com/docs/developer/postman-api/intro-api/#about-v9-and-v10-apis). - To use the **API** endpoints, you must first [update your APIs to the v10 format](https://learning.postman.com/docs/designing-and-developing-your-api/creating-an-api/#upgrading-an-api). ## Getting started You can get started with the Postman API by [forking the Postman API collection](https://learning.postman.com/docs/collaborating-in-postman/version-control/#creating-a-fork) to your workspace. You can then use Postman to send requests. ## About the Postman API - You must use a valid API Key to send requests to the API endpoints. - The API has [rate and usage limits](https://learning.postman.com/docs/developer/postman-api/postman-api-rate-limits/). - The API only responds to HTTPS-secured communications. Any requests sent via HTTP return an HTTP `301` redirect to the corresponding HTTPS resources. - The API returns requests responses in [JSON format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON). When an API request returns an error, it is sent in the JSON response as an error key. - The request method (verb) determines the nature of action you intend to perform. A request made using the `GET` method implies that you want to fetch something from Postman. The `POST` method implies you want to save something new to Postman. - For all requests, API calls respond with their corresponding [HTTP status codes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes). In the Postman client, the status code also provides help text that details the possible meaning of the response code. ### IDs and UIDs All items in Postman, such as collections, workspaces, and APIs, have IDs and UIDs: - An ID is the unique ID assigned to a Postman item. For example, `ec29121c-5203-409f-9e84-e83ffc10f226`. - The UID is the **full** ID of a Postman item. This value is the item's unique ID concatenated with the user ID. For example, in the `12345678-ec29121c-5203-409f-9e84-e83ffc10f226` UID: - `12345678` is the user's ID. - `ec29121c-5203-409f-9e84-e83ffc10f226` is the item's ID. ### 503 response An HTTP `503 Service Unavailable` response from our servers indicates there is an unexpected spike in API access traffic. The server is usually operational within the next five minutes. If the outage persists or you receive any other form of an HTTP `5XX` error, [contact support](https://support.postman.com/hc/en-us/requests/new/). ## Authentication Postman uses API keys for authentication. The API key tells the API server that the request came from you. Everything that you have access to in Postman is accessible with your API key. You can [generate](https://learning.postman.com/docs/developer/postman-api/authentication/#generate-a-postman-api-key) a Postman API key in the [**API keys**](https://postman.postman.co/settings/me/api-keys) section of your Postman account settings. You must include an API key in each request to the Postman API with the `X-Api-Key` request header. In Postman, you can store your API key as an [environment variable](https://www.getpostman.com/docs/environments). The Postman API [collection](https://www.getpostman.com/docs/collections) will use it to make API calls. ### Authentication error response If an API key is missing, malformed, or invalid, you will receive an HTTP `401 Unauthorized` response code. ### Using the API key as a query parameter Requests that accept the `X-Api-Key` request header also accept the API key when you send it as the `apikey` query parameter. An API key sent as part of the header has a higher priority when you send the key as both a request header and a query parameter. ## Rate and usage limits API access [rate limits](https://learning.postman.com/docs/developer/postman-api/postman-api-rate-limits/) apply at a per-API key basis in unit time. The limit is **300 requests per minute**. Also, depending on your [plan](https://www.postman.com/pricing/), you may have usage limits. If you exceed either limit, your request will return an HTTP `429 Too Many Requests` status code. Each API response returns the following set of headers to help you identify your use status: | Header | Description | | ------ | ----------- | | `X-RateLimit-Limit` | The maximum number of requests that the consumer is permitted to make per minute. | | `X-RateLimit-Remaining` | The number of requests remaining in the current rate limit window. | | `X-RateLimit-Reset` | The time at which the current rate limit window resets in UTC epoch seconds. | ## Support For help regarding accessing the Postman API, you can: - Visit [Postman Support](https://support.postman.com/hc/en-us) or our [Community and Support](https://www.postman.com/community/) sites. - Reach out to the [Postman community](https://community.postman.com/). - Submit a help request to [Postman support](https://support.postman.com/hc/en-us/requests/new/). ## Policies - [Postman Terms of Service](http://www.postman.com/legal/terms/) - [Postman Privacy Policy](https://www.postman.com/legal/privacy-policy/)

== ICU4R - ICU Unicode bindings for Ruby ICU4R is an attempt to provide better Unicode support for Ruby, where it lacks for a long time. Current code is mostly rewritten string.c from Ruby 1.8.3. ICU4R is Ruby C-extension binding for ICU library[1] and provides following classes and functionality: * UString: - String-like class with internal UTF16 storage; - UCA rules for UString comparisons (<=>, casecmp); - encoding(codepage) conversion; \ - Unicode normalization; - transliteration, also rule-based; Bunch of locale-sensitive functions: - upcase/downcase; - string collation; \ - string search; - iterators over text line/word/char/sentence breaks; \ - message formatting (number/currency/string/time); - date and number parsing. * URegexp - unicode regular expressions. * UResourceBundle - access to resource bundles, including ICU locale data. * UCalendar - date manipulation and timezone info. * UConverter - codepage conversions API * UCollator - locale-sensitive string comparison == Install and usage > ruby extconf.rb > make && make check > make install Now, in your scripts just require 'icu4r'. To create RDoc, run > sh tools/doc.sh == Requirements To build and use ICU4R you will need GCC and ICU v3.4 libraries[2]. == Differences from Ruby String and Regexp classes === UString vs String 1. UString substring/index methods use UTF16 codeunit indexes, not code points. 2. UString supports most methods from String class. Missing methods are: capitalize, capitalize!, swapcase, swapcase! %, center, ljust, rjust chomp, chomp!, chop, chop! \ count, delete, delete!, squeeze, squeeze!, tr, tr!, tr_s, tr_s! crypt, intern, sum, unpack dump, each_byte, each_line hex, oct, to_i, to_sym reverse, reverse! succ, succ!, next, next!, upto 3. Instead of String#% method, UString#format is provided. See FORMATTING for short reference. 4. UStrings can be created via String.to_u(encoding='utf8') or global u(str,[encoding='utf8']) calls. Note that +encoding+ parameter must be value of String class. 5. There's difference between character grapheme, codepoint and codeunit. See UNICODE reports for gory details, but in short: locale dependent notion of character can be presented using more than one codepoint - base letter and combining (accents) (also possible more than one!), and each codepoint can require more than one codeunit to store (for UTF8 codeunit size is 8bit, though \ some codepoints require up to 4bytes). So, UString has normalization and locale dependent break iterators. 6. Currently UString doesn't include Enumerable module. 7. UString index/[] methods which accept URegexp, throw exception if Regexp passed. 8. UString#<=>, UString#casecmp use UCA rules. === URegexp UString uses ICU regexp library. Pattern syntax is described in [./docs/UNICODE_REGEXPS] and ICU docs. There are some differences between processing in Ruby Regexp and URegexp: 1. When UString#sub, UString#gsub are called with block, special vars ($~, $&, $1, ...) aren't set, as their values are processed through deep ruby core code. Instead, block receives UMatch object, which is essentially immutable array of matching groups: "test".u.gsub(ure("(e)(.)")) do |match| \ puts match[0] # => 'es' <--> $& puts match[1] # => 'e' \ <--> $1 puts match[2] # => 's' <--> $2 end 2. In URegexp search pattern backreferences are in form \n (\1, \2, ...), in replacement string - in form $1, $2, ... NOTE: URegexp considers char to be a digit NOT ONLY ASCII (0x0030-0x0039), but any Unicode char, which has property Decimal digit number (Nd), e.g.: a = [?$, 0x1D7D9].pack("U*").u * 2 puts a.inspect_names <U000024>DOLLAR SIGN <U01D7D9>MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT ONE <U000024>DOLLAR SIGN <U01D7D9>MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT ONE puts "abracadabra".u.gsub(/(b)/.U, a) abbracadabbra \ 3. One can create URegexp using global Kernel#ure function, Regexp#U, Regexp#to_u, or from UString using URegexp.new, e.g: /pattern/.U =~ "string".u 4. There are differences about Regexp and URegexp multiline matching options: t = "text\ntest" # ^,$ handling : URegexp multiline <-> Ruby default t.u =~ ure('^\w+$', URegexp::MULTILINE) => #<UMatch:0xf6f7de04 @ranges=[0..3], @cg=[\u0074\u0065\u0078\u0074]> t =~ /^\w+$/ => 0 # . matches \n : URegexp DOTALL <-> /m t.u =~ ure('.+test', URegexp::DOTALL) \ => #<UMatch:0xf6fa4d88 ... t.u =~ /.+test/m 5. UMatch.range(idx) returns range for capturing group idx. This range is in codeunits. === References 1. ICU Official Homepage http://ibm.com/software/globalization/icu/ 2. ICU downloads \ http://ibm.com/software/globalization/icu/downloads.jsp 3. ICU Home Page http://icu.sf.net 4. Unicode Home Page http://www.unicode.org ==== BUGS, DOCS, TO DO The code is slow and inefficient yet, is still highly experimental, so can have many security and memory leaks, bugs, inconsistent documentation, incomplete test suite. Use it at your own risk. Bug reports and feature requests are welcome :) === Copying This extension module is copyrighted free software by Nikolai Lugovoi. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of MIT License. Nikolai Lugovoi <meadow.nnick@gmail.com>

# Quick Start The Owner API uses the JSON format, and must be accessed over a [secure connection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS). Let’s assume that the access token provided by your account manager is “TOKEN”. Here’s how to get the list of ids of all your invoices from the first week of August with a shell script: ```bash query="end_date=2018-08-08T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00&start_date=2018-08-01T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00" curl -i "https://api-eu.getaround.com/owner/v1/invoices?${query}" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \ -H "Accept:application/json" \ -H "Content-Type:application/json" ``` And here’s how to get the invoice with the id 12345: ```bash curl -i "https://api-eu.getaround.com/owner/v1/invoices/12345" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN" \ -H "Accept: application/json" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json"" ``` See the [endpoints section](#tag/Invoices) of this guide for details about the response format. Dates in request params should follow the ISO 8601 standard. # Authentication All requests must be authenticated with a [bearer token header](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6750#section-2.1). You token will be sent to you by your account manager. Unauthenticated requests will return a 401 status. # Pagination The page number and the number of items per page can be set with the “page” and “per_page” params. For example, this request will return the second page of invoices, and 50 invoices per page: `https://api-eu.getaround.com/owner/v1/invoices?page=2&per_page=50` Both of these params are optional. The default page size is 30 items. The Getaround Owner API follows the [RFC 8288 convention](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8288) of using the `Link` header to provide the `next` page URL. Please don't build the pagination URLs yourself. The `next` page will be missing when you are requesting the last available page. Here's an example response header from requesting the second page of invoices `https://api-eu.getaround.com/owner/v1/invoices?page=2&per_page=50` ``` Link: <https://api-eu.getaround.com/owner/v1/invoices?page=3&per_page=50>; rel="next" ``` # Throttling policy and Date range limitation We have throttling policy that prevents you to perform more than 100 requests per min from the same IP. Also, there is a limitation on the size of the range of dates given in params in some requests. All requests that need start_date and end_date, do not accept a range bigger than 30 days. # Webhooks Getaround can send webhook events that notify your application when certain events happen on your account. This is especially useful to follow the lifecycle of rentals, tracking for example bookings or cancellations. ### Setup To set up an endpoint, you need to define a route on your server for receiving events, and then <a href="mailto:owner-api@getaround.com">ask Getaround</a> to add this URL to your account. To acknowledge receipt of a event, your endpoint must: - Return a `2xx` HTTP status code. - Be a secure `https` endpoint with a valid SSL certificate. ### Testing Once Getaround has set up the endpoint, and it is properly configured as described above, a test `ping` event can be sent by clicking the button below: <form action="/docs/api/owner/fire_ping_webhook" method="post"><input type="submit" value="Send Ping Event"></form> You should receive the following JSON payload: ```json { "data": { "ping": "pong" }, "type": "ping", "occurred_at": "2019-04-18T08:30:05Z" } ``` ### Retries Webhook deliveries will be attempted for up to three days with an exponential back off. After that point the delivery will be abandoned. ### Verifying Signatures Getaround will also provide you with a secret token, which is used to create a hash signature with each payload. This hash signature is passed along with each request in the headers as `X-Drivy-Signature`. Suppose you have a basic server listening to webhooks that looks like this: ```ruby require 'sinatra' require 'json' post '/payload' do push = JSON.parse(params[:payload]) "I got some JSON: #{push.inspect}" end ``` The goal is to compute a hash using your secret token, and ensure that the hash from Getaround matches. Getaround uses an HMAC hexdigest to compute the hash, so you could change your server to look a little like this: ```ruby post '/payload' do request.body.rewind payload_body = request.body.read verify_signature(payload_body) push = JSON.parse(params[:payload]) "I got some JSON: #{push.inspect}" end def verify_signature(payload_body) signature = 'sha1=' + OpenSSL::HMAC.hexdigest(OpenSSL::Digest.new('sha1'), ENV['SECRET_TOKEN'], payload_body) return halt 500, "Signatures didn't match!" unless Rack::Utils.secure_compare(signature, request.env['HTTP_X_DRIVY_SIGNATURE']) end ``` Obviously, your language and server implementations may differ from this code. There are a couple of important things to point out, however: No matter which implementation you use, the hash signature starts with `sha1=`, using the key of your secret token and your payload body. Using a plain `==` operator is not advised. A method like secure_compare performs a "constant time" string comparison, which renders it safe from certain timing attacks against regular equality operators. ### Best Practices - **Acknowledge events immediately**. If your webhook script performs complex logic, or makes network calls, it’s possible that the script would time out before Getaround sees its complete execution. Ideally, your webhook handler code (acknowledging receipt of an event by returning a `2xx` status code) is separate of any other logic you do for that event. - **Handle duplicate events**. Webhook endpoints might occasionally receive the same event more than once. We advise you to guard against duplicated event receipts by making your event processing idempotent. One way of doing this is logging the events you’ve processed, and then not processing already-logged events. - **Do not expect events in order**. Getaround does not guarantee delivery of events in the order in which they are generated. Your endpoint should therefore handle this accordingly. We do provide an `occurred_at` timestamp for each event, though, to help reconcile ordering.

:title: The Ruby API :section: PYAPNS::Client There's python in my ruby! This is a class used to send notifications, provision applications and retrieve feedback using the Apple Push Notification Service. PYAPNS is a multi-application APS provider, meaning it is possible to send notifications to any number of different applications from the same application and same server. It is also possible to scale the client to any number of processes and servers, simply balanced behind a simple web proxy. It may seem like overkill for such a bare interface - after all, the APS service is rather simplistic. However, PYAPNS takes no shortcuts when it comes to completeness/compliance with the APNS protocol and allows the user many optimization and scaling vectors not possible with other libraries. No bandwidth is wasted, connections are persistent and the server is asynchronous therefore notifications are delivered immediately. PYAPNS takes after the design of 3rd party push notification service that charge a fee each time you push a notification, and charge extra for so-called 'premium' service which supposedly gives you quicker access to the APS servers. However, PYAPNS is free, as in beer and offers more scaling opportunities without the financial draw. :section: Provisioning To add your app to the PYAPNS server, it must be `provisioned` at least once. Normally this is done once upon the start-up of your application, be it a web service, desktop application or whatever... It must be done at least once to the server you're connecting to. Multiple instances of PYAPNS will have to have their applications provisioned individually. To provision an application manually use the `PYAPNS::Client#provision` method. require 'pyapns' client = PYAPNS::Client.configure client.provision :app_id => 'cf', :cert => '/home/ss/cert.pem', :env => 'sandbox', :timeout => 15 This basically says "add an app reference named 'cf' to the server and start a connection using the certification, and if it can't within 15 seconds, raise a `PYAPNS::TimeoutException` That's all it takes to get started. Of course, this can be done automatically by using PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration middleware. `PYAPNS::Client` is a singleton class that is configured using the class method `PYAPNS::Client#configure`. It is sensibly configured by default, but can be customized by specifying a hash See the docs on `PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration` for a list of available configuration parameters (some of these are important, and you can specify initial applications) to be configured by default. :section: Sending Notifications Once your client is configured, and application provisioned (again, these should be taken care of before you write notification code) you can begin sending notifications to users. If you're wondering how to acquire a notification token, you've come to the wrong place... I recommend using google. However, if you want to send hundreds of millions of notifications to users, here's how it's done, one at a time... The `PYAPNS::Client#notify` is a sort of polymorphic method which can notify any number of devices at a time. It's basic form is as follows: client.notify 'cf', 'long ass app token', {:aps=> {:alert => 'hello?'}} However, as stated before, it is sort of polymorphic: client.notify 'cf', ['token', 'token2', 'token3'], [alert, alert2, alert3] client.notify :app_id => 'cf', :tokens => 'mah token', :notifications => alertHash client.notify 'cf', 'token', PYAPNS::Notification('hello tits!') As you can see, the method accepts paralell arrays of tokens and notifications meaning any number of notifications can be sent at once. Hashes will be automatically converted to `PYAPNS::Notification` objects so they can be optimized for the wire (nil values removed, etc...), and you can pass `PYAPNS::Notification` objects directly if you wish. :section: Retrieving Feedback The APS service offers a feedback functionality that allows application servers to retrieve a list of device tokens it deems to be no longer in use, and the time it thinks they stopped being useful (the user uninstalled your app, better luck next time...) Sounds pretty straight forward, and it is. Apple recommends you do this at least once an hour. PYAPNS will return a list of 2-element lists with the date and the token: feedbacks = client.feedback 'cf' :section: Asynchronous Calls PYAPNS::Client will, by default, perform no funny stuff and operate entirely within the calling thread. This means that certain applications may hang when, say, sending a notification, if only for a fraction of a second. Obviously not a desirable trait, all `provision`, `feedback` and `notify` methods also take a block, which indicates to the method you want to call PYAPNS asynchronously, and it will be done so handily in another thread, calling back your block with a single argument when finished. Note that `notify` and `provision` return absolutely nothing (nil, for you rub--wait you are ruby developers!). It is probably wise to always use this form of operation so your calling thread is never blocked (especially important in UI-driven apps and asynchronous servers) Just pass a block to provision/notify/feedback like so: PYAPNS::Client.instance.feedback do |feedbacks| feedbacks.each { |f| trim_token f } end :section: PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration A middleware class to make `PYAPNS::Client` easy to use in web contexts Automates configuration of the client in Rack environments using a simple confiuration middleware. To use `PYAPNS::Client` in Rack environments with the least code possible `use PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration` (no, really, in some cases, that's all you need!) middleware with an optional hash specifying the client variables. Options are as follows: use PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration( :host => 'http://localhost/' :port => 7077, :initial => [{ :app_id => 'myapp', :cert => '/home/myuser/apps/myapp/cert.pem', :env => 'sandbox', :timeout => 15 }]) Where the configuration variables are defined: :host String the host where the server can be found :port Number the port to which the client should connect :initial Array OPTIONAL - an array of INITIAL hashes INITIAL HASHES: :app_id String the id used to send messages with this certification can be a totally arbitrary value :cert String a path to the certification or the certification file as a string :env String the environment to connect to apple with, always either 'sandbox' or 'production' :timoeut Number The timeout for the server to use when connecting to the apple servers :section: PYAPNS::Notification An APNS Notification You can construct notification objects ahead of time by using this class. However unnecessary, it allows you to programmatically generate a Notification like so: note = PYAPNS::Notification.new 'alert text', 9, 'flynn.caf', {:extra => 'guid'} -- or -- note = PYAPNS::Notification.new 'alert text' These can be passed to `PYAPNS::Client#notify` the same as hashes

Contentful API wrapper library exposing an ActiveRecord-like interface

Ame Ame provides a simple command-line interface API for Ruby¹. It can be used to provide both simple interfaces like that of ‹rm›² and complex ones like that of ‹git›³. It uses Ruby’s own classes, methods, and argument lists to provide an interface that is both simple to use from the command-line side and from the Ruby side. The provided command-line interface is flexible and follows commond standards for command-line processing. ¹ See http://ruby-lang.org/ ² See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html ³ See http://git-scm.com/docs/ § Usage Let’s begin by looking at two examples, one where we mimic the POSIX¹ command-line interface to the ‹rm› command. Looking at the entry² in the standard, ‹rm› takes the following options: = -f. = Do not prompt for confirmation. = -i. = Prompt for confirmation. = -R. = Remove file hierarchies. = -r. = Equivalent to /-r/. It also takes the following arguments: = FILE. = A pathname or directory entry to be removed. And actually allows one or more of these /FILE/ arguments to be given. We also note that the ‹rm› command is described as a command to “remove directory entries”. ¹ See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html ² See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html Let’s turn this specification into one using Ame’s API. We begin by adding a flag for each of the options listed above: class Rm &lt; Ame::Root flag 'f', '', false, 'Do not prompt for confirmation' flag 'i', '', nil, 'Prompt for confirmation' do |options| options['f'] = false end flag 'R', '', false, 'Remove file hierarchies' flag 'r', '', nil, 'Equivalent to -R' do |options| options['r'] = true end A flag¹ is a boolean option that doesn’t take an argument. Each flag gets a short and long name, where an empty name means that there’s no corresponding short or long name for the flag, a default value (true, false, or nil), and a description of what the flag does. Each flag can also optionally take a block that can do further processing. In this case we use this block to modify the Hash that maps option names to their values passed to the block to set other flags’ values than the ones that the block is associated with. As these flags (‘i’ and ‘r’) aren’t themselves of interest, their default values have been set to nil, which means that they won’t be included in the Hash that maps option names to their values when passed to the method. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#flag-class-method There are quite a few other kinds of options besides flags that can be defined using Ame, but flags are all that are required for this example. We’ll get to the other kinds in later examples. Next we add a “splus” argument. splus 'FILE', String, 'File to remove' A splus¹ argument is like a Ruby “splat”, that is, an Array argument at the end of the argument list to a method preceded by a star, except that a splus requires at least one argument. A splus argument gets a name for the argument (‹FILE›), the type of argument it represents (String), and a description. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splus-class-method Then we add a description of the command (method) itself: description 'Remove directory entries' Descriptions¹ will be used in help output to assist the user in using the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#description-class-method Finally, we add the Ruby method that’ll implement the command (all preceding code included here for completeness): class Rm &lt; Ame::Root version '1.0.0' flag 'f', '', false, 'Do not prompt for confirmation' flag 'i', '', nil, 'Prompt for confirmation' do |options| options['f'] = false end flag 'R', '', false, 'Remove file hierarchies' flag 'r', '', nil, 'Equivalent to -R' do |options| options['r'] = true end splus 'FILE', String, 'File to remove' description 'Remove directory entries' def rm(files, options = {}) require 'fileutils' FileUtils.send options['R'] ? :rm_r : :rm, [first] + rest, :force =&gt; options['f'] end end Actually, another bit of code was also added, namely version '1.0.0' This sets the version¹ String of the command. This information is used when the command is invoked with the “‹--version›” flag. This flag is automatically added, so you don’t need to add it yourself. Another flag, “‹--help›”, is also added automatically. When given, this flag’ll make Ame output usage information of the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#version-class-method To actually run the command, all you need to do is invoke Rm.process This’ll invoke the command using the command-line arguments stored in ‹ARGV›, but you can also specify other ones if you want to: Rm.process 'rm', %w[-r /tmp/*] The first argument to #process¹ is the name of the method to invoke, which defaults to ‹File.basename($0)›, and the second argument is an Array of Strings that should be processed as command-line arguments passed to the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#process-class-method If you’d store the complete ‹Rm› class defined above in a file called ‹rm› and add ‹#! /usr/bin/ruby -w› at the beginning and ‹Rm.process› at the end, you’d have a fully functional ‹rm› command (after making it executable). Let’s see it in action: % rm --help Usage: rm [OPTIONS]... FILE... Remove directory entries Arguments: FILE... File to remove Options: -R Remove file hierarchies -f Do not prompt for confirmation --help Display help for this method -i Prompt for confirmation -r Equivalent to -R --version Display version information % rm --version rm 1.0.0 Some commands are more complex than ‹rm›. For example, ‹git›¹ has a rather complex command-line interface. We won’t mimic it all here, but let’s introduce the rest of the Ame API using a fake ‹git› clone as an example. ¹ See http://git-scm.com/docs/ ‹Git› uses sub-commands to achieve most things. Implementing sub-commands with Ame is done using a “dispatch”. We’ll discuss dispatches in more detail later, but suffice it to say that a dispatch delegates processing to a child class that’ll handle the sub-command in question. We begin by defining our main ‹git› command using a class called ‹Git› under the ‹Git::CLI› namespace: module Git end class Git::CLI &lt; Ame::Root version '1.0.0' class Git &lt; Ame::Class description 'The stupid content tracker' def initialize; end We’re setting things up to use the ‹Git› class as a dispatch in the ‹Git::CLI› class. The description on the ‹initialize› method will be used as a description of the ‹git› dispatch command itself. Next, let’s add the ‹format-patch›¹ sub-command: description 'Prepare patches for e-mail submission' flag ?n, 'numbered', false, 'Name output in [PATCH n/m] format' flag ?N, 'no-numbered', nil, 'Name output in [PATCH] format' do |options| options['numbered'] = false end toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' flag '', 'no-thread', nil, 'Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers' do |options, _| options.delete 'thread' end option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' def format_patch(since = '', options = {}) p since, options end ¹ See http://git-scm.com/docs/git-format-patch/ We’re using quite a few new Ame commands here. Let’s look at each in turn: toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' A “toggle”¹ is a flag that also has an inverse. Beyond the flags ‘s’ and “signoff”, the toggle also defines “no-signoff”, which will set “signoff” to false. This is useful if you want to support configuration files that set “signoff”’s default to true, but still allow it to be overridden on the command line. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#toggle-class-method When using the short form of a toggle (and flag and switch), multiple ones may be juxtaposed after the initial one. For example, “‹-sn›” is equivalent to “‹-s -n›” to “git format-patch›”. switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' A “switch”¹ is an option that takes an optional argument. This allows you to have separate defaults for when the switch isn’t present on the command line and for when it’s given without an argument. The third argument to a switch is the name of the argument. We’re also introducing a new concept here in ‹Ame::Types::Enumeration›. An enumeration² allows you to limit the allowed input to a set of Symbols. An enumeration also has a default value in the first item to its constructor (which is aliased as ‹.[]›). In this case, the “thread” switch defaults to nil, but, when given, will default to ‹:shallow› if no argument is given. If an argument is given it must be either “shallow” or “deep”. A switch isn’t required to take an enumeration as its argument default and can take any kind of default value for its argument that Ame knows how to handle. We’ll look at this in more detail later, but know that the type of the default value will be used to inform Ame how to parse a command-line argument into a Ruby value. An argument to a switch must be given, in this case, as “‹--thread=deep›” on the command line. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#switch-class-method ² See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Types/Enumeration/ option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' An “option”¹ is an option that takes an argument. The argument must always be present and may be given, in this case, as “‹--start-number=2›” or “‹--start-number 2›” on the command line. For a short-form option, anything that follows the option is seen as an argument, so assuming that “start-number” also had a short name of ‘S’, “‹-S2›” would be equivalent to “‹-S 2›”, which would be equivalent to “‹--start-number 2›”. Note that “‹-snS2›” would still work as expected. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#option-class-method multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' A “multioption”¹ is an option that takes an argument and may be repeated any number of times. Each argument will be added to an Array stored in the Hash that maps option names to their values. Instead of taking a default argument, it takes a type for the argument (String, in this case). Again, types are used to inform Ame how to parse command-line arguments into Ruby values. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#multioption-class-method optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' An “optional”¹ argument is an argument that isn’t required. If it’s not present on the command line it’ll get its default value (the String ‹'N/A'›, in this case). ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#optional-class-method We’ve now covered all kinds of options and one new kind of argument. There are three more types of argument (one that we’ve already seen and two new) that we’ll look into now: “argument”, “splat”, and “splus”. description 'Annotate file lines with commit information' argument 'FILE', String, 'File to annotate' def annotate(file) p file end An “argument”¹ is an argument that’s required. If it’s not present on the command line, an error will be raised (and by default reported to the terminal). As it’s required, it doesn’t take a default, but rather a type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#argument-class-method description 'Add file contents to the index' splat 'PATHSPEC', String, 'Files to add content from' def add(paths) p paths end A “splat”¹ is an argument that’s not required, but may be given any number of times. The type of a splat is the type of one argument and the type of a splat as a whole is an Array of values of that type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splat-class-method description 'Display gitattributes information' splus 'PATHNAME', String, 'Files to list attributes of' def check_attr(paths) p paths end A “splus”¹ is an argument that’s required, but may also be given any number of times. The type of a splus is the type of one argument and the type of a splus as a whole is an Array of values of that type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splus-class-method Now that we’ve seen all kinds of options and arguments, let’s look on an additional tool at our disposal, the dispatch¹. class Remote &lt; Ame::Class description 'Manage set of remote repositories' def initialize; end description 'Shows a list of existing remotes' flag 'v', 'verbose', false, 'Show remote URL after name' def list(options = {}) p options end description 'Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL' argument 'name', String, 'Name of the remote to add' argument 'url', String, 'URL to the repository of the remote to add' def add(name, url) p name, url end end ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#dispatch-class-method Here we’re defining a child class to Git::CLI::Git called “Remote” that doesn’t introduce anything new. Then we set up the dispatch: dispatch Remote, :default =&gt; 'list' This adds a method called “remote” to Git::CLI::Git that will dispatch processing of the command line to an instance of the Remote class when “‹git remote›” is seen on the command line. The “remote” method expects an argument that’ll be used to decide what sub-command to execute. Here we’ve specified that in the absence of such an argument, the “list” method should be invoked. We add the same kind of dispatch to Git under Git::CLI: dispatch Git and then we’re done. Here’s all the previous code in its entirety: module Git end class Git::CLI &lt; Ame::Root version '1.0.0' class Git &lt; Ame::Class description 'The stupid content tracker' def initialize; end description 'Prepare patches for e-mail submission' flag ?n, 'numbered', false, 'Name output in [PATCH n/m] format' flag ?N, 'no-numbered', nil, 'Name output in [PATCH] format' do |options| options['numbered'] = false end toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' flag '', 'no-thread', nil, 'Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers' do |options, _| options.delete 'thread' end option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' def format_patch(since = '', options = {}) p since, options end description 'Annotate file lines with commit information' argument 'FILE', String, 'File to annotate' def annotate(file) p file end description 'Add file contents to the index' splat 'PATHSPEC', String, 'Files to add content from' def add(paths) p paths end description 'Display gitattributes information' splus 'PATHNAME', String, 'Files to list attributes of' def check_attr(paths) p paths end class Remote &lt; Ame::Class description 'Manage set of remote repositories' def initialize; end description 'Shows a list of existing remotes' flag 'v', 'verbose', false, 'Show remote URL after name' def list(options = {}) p options end description 'Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL' argument 'name', String, 'Name of the remote to add' argument 'url', String, 'URL to the repository of the remote to add' def add(name, url) p name, url end end dispatch Remote, :default =&gt; 'list' end dispatch Git end If we put this code in a file called “git” and add ‹#! /usr/bin/ruby -w› at the beginning and ‹Git::CLI.process› at the end, you’ll have a very incomplete git command-line interface on your hands. Let’s look at what some of its ‹--help› output looks like: % git --help Usage: git [OPTIONS]... METHOD [ARGUMENTS]... The stupid content tracker Arguments: METHOD Method to run [ARGUMENTS]... Arguments to pass to METHOD Options: --help Display help for this method --version Display version information Methods: add Add file contents to the index annotate Annotate file lines with commit information check-attr Display gitattributes information format-patch Prepare patches for e-mail submission remote Manage set of remote repositories % git format-patch --help Usage: git format-patch [OPTIONS]... [SINCE] Prepare patches for e-mail submission Arguments: [SINCE=N/A] Generate patches for commits after SINCE Options: -N, --no-numbered Name output in [PATCH] format --help Display help for this method -n, --numbered Name output in [PATCH n/m] format --no-thread Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers -s, --signoff Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message --start-number=N Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1 --thread[=STYLE] Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers --to=ADDRESS* Add a To: header to the email headers % git remote --help Usage: git remote [OPTIONS]... [METHOD] [ARGUMENTS]... Manage set of remote repositories Arguments: [METHOD=list] Method to run [ARGUMENTS]... Arguments to pass to METHOD Options: --help Display help for this method Methods: add Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL list Shows a list of existing remotes § API The previous section gave an introduction to the whole user API in an informal and introductory way. For an indepth reference to the user API, see the {user API documentation}¹. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/ If you want to extend the API or use it in some way other than as a command-line-interface writer, see the {developer API documentation}¹. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/developer/Ame/ § Financing Currently, most of my time is spent at my day job and in my rather busy private life. Please motivate me to spend time on this piece of software by donating some of your money to this project. Yeah, I realize that requesting money to develop software is a bit, well, capitalistic of me. But please realize that I live in a capitalistic society and I need money to have other people give me the things that I need to continue living under the rules of said society. So, if you feel that this piece of software has helped you out enough to warrant a reward, please PayPal a donation to now@disu.se¹. Thanks! Your support won’t go unnoticed! ¹ Send a donation: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&amp;business=now@disu.se&amp;item_name=Ame § Reporting Bugs Please report any bugs that you encounter to the {issue tracker}¹. ¹ See https://github.com/now/ame/issues § Authors Nikolai Weibull wrote the code, the tests, the documentation, and this README. § Licensing Ame is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the {GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3}¹ or later², as published by the {Free Software Foundation}³. ¹ See http://disu.se/licenses/lgpl-3.0/ ² See http://gnu.org/licenses/ ³ See http://fsf.org/

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