Results for foundation-emails

Foundation for Emails (previously known as Ink) is a framework for creating responsive HTML emails that work in any email client.

Inky is an HTML-based templating language that converts simple HTML into complex, responsive email-ready HTML. Designed for Foundation for Emails

# foundationallib <h2>Finally, a cross-platform, portable, well-designed, secure, robust, maximally-efficient C foundational library &mdash; Making Engineering And Computing Fast, Secure, Responsive And Easy.</h2> <br> <h2><i>Library Uses - What It Does, What It Is, And What It Is A Solution For</i></h2> <ul class="features-list"> <li><strong>Enables better Engineering Solutions and Security broadly and foundationally where Software Creation or Development or Script Creation is concerned - whether this be on a local, business, governmental or international basis, and makes things easier - and Computing in General.</strong> Don't Reinvent the Wheel - Use Good Wheels - Be Safe And Secure.</li> <br> <li><strong>Enables a free-flowing dynamic computer usage that you need, deserve and should have, simply because you have a computer. With full speed and with robustness. You deserve to be able to use your computer wholly and fully, with proper and fast operations.</strong></li> <br><li><strong>Enables flexibility and power - makes C accessible to the masses (and faster and more secure) with easy usage and strives to bring people up, not degrade the character or actions of people.</strong> This is a fundamental and unequivocal philosophy difference between this library and many subsections of Software Engineering and the mainstream engineering establishment. For instance, in Python, you cannot read a file easily &ndash; you have to read it line-by-line or open a file, read the lines, then close it. With this library, you can efficiently read 10,000 files in one function call. This library gives power. Any common operation, there ought to be a powerful function for.<br><br>We should not bitch around with assembly when we don't want to; we should also have full speed. Some old "solutions" deliver neither, then culturally degrade programmers because their tools are bad - actually, it just degrades programmers, and gives them bad tools. COBOL is an example ...<br><br>Human technology is about empowerment &ndash; people must fight for it to be empowerment, we don't have time to have AI systems kill us because we want to have bad tools and be weak. We must fight.</li> </ul> <br> <ul> <h2><i>About Foundationallib</i></h2> <li>→<strong>Cross platform</strong> - works perfectly in embedded, server, desktop, and all platforms - tested for Windows and UNIX - 64-bit and 32-bit, includes a 3-aspect test suite, with more to come.</li> <li>→<strong>Bug free. Reliable. Dependable. Secure. Tested well.</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Zero Overhead</strong> - Only 1 byte due to the power of the error handling, can be configured will full power.</li> <li>→<strong>Static Inline Functions if you want them</strong> (optional) - Eliminating function call overhead to 0 if you wish, for improved performance.</li> <li>→<strong>Custom allocators</strong> - if you want it.</li> <li>→<strong>Custom error handling</strong> - if you want it.</li> <li>→<strong>Safe functions</strong> warn the programmer about NULL values and unused return values. Can be configured to not compile if not Secure. Optional null-check macros in every library function. Does not use any of <code>"gets", "fgets", "strcpy", "strcat", "sprintf", "vsprintf", "scanf", "fscanf", "system", "chown", "chmod", "chgrp", "alloca", "execl", "execle", "execlp", "execv", "execve", "execvp", "bcopy", "bzero"</code>. You can configure it to never use any unsafe functions.</li> <li>→<strong>Portable</strong> - works on all platforms, using platform specific features (using #ifdefs) to make functions better and faster.</li> <li>→<strong>Multithreading support</strong> (optional), with list_comprehension_multithreaded (accepts any number of threads, works in parallel using portable C11 threads)</li> <li>→<strong>Networking support</strong> (optional), using libcurl - making it extremely easy to download websites and arrays of websites - features other languages do not have.</li> <li>→Very good and thorough <strong>Error Handling</strong> and <strong>allocation overflow</strong> checking (good for <strong>Security and Robustness</strong>) in the functions. Allows the programmer to dynamically choose to catch all errors in the functions with a handler (default or custom), or to ignore them. No need to ALWAYS say "if (.....) if you don't want to. Can be changed at runtime.</li> <li>→<strong>Public Domain</strong> so you make the code how you want. (No need to "propitiate" to some "god" of some library).</li> <li>→<strong>Minimal abstractions or indirection of any kind or needless slow things that complicate things</strong> - macros, namespace collision, typedefs, structs, object-orientation messes, slow compilation times, bloat, etc., etc.</li> <li>→<strong>No namespace pollution</strong> - you can generate your <span style=font-style:normal;><b>own version</b></span> with any prefix you like!</li> <li>→<strong>Relies <span style=font-style:normal;>minimally</span> on C libraries - it can be fully decoupled from LIB C and can be statically linked.</strong></li> <li>→<span style=font-style:normal;><b>Very small</b></span> - 13K Lines of Code (including Doxygen comments and following of Best Practices)</li> <li>→<strong>No Linkage Issues or dependency hell</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Thorough and clear documentation</strong>, with examples of usage.</li> <li>→<strong>No licensing restrictions whatsoever - use it for your engineering project, your startup, your Fortune 500 company, your personal project, your throw-away script, your government.</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Makes C like Python or Perl or Ruby in many ways - or more easy</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Easy Straightforward Transpilation Support</strong> - to make current code, much faster - all without any bloat (See transpile_slow_scripting_into_c.rb). <li><h4>In many cases, there is now a direct mapping of functions from other languages into optimized C. See the example script in this repository. This makes optimizing your Python / Perl / Ruby / PHP etc. script very easy, either manually or through the use of AI.</h4></li> </ul> </p> </div> <div class=pane style='border: 0;border-right: 1px dotted rgb(200, 200, 200); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 190);'> <div class="library-details"><h2 style=color:green;><i>Foundationallib Features</i></h2> <p class=feature> <strong>Functional Programming Features</strong> - <code>map, reduce, filter,</code> List Comprehensions in C and much more!</p> <p class=feature><strong>Expands C's Primitives for easy manipulation of data types</strong> such as Arrays, Strings, <code>Dict</code>, <code>Set</code>, <code>FrozenDict</code>, <code>FrozenSet</code> - <strong>and enables easy manipulation, modification, alteration, comparison, sorting, counting, IO (printing) and duplication of these at a very comfortable level</strong> - something very, very rare in C or C++, <i>all without any overhead.</i></p> <p class=feature><strong>More comfortable IO</strong> - read and write entire files with ease, and convert complex types into strings or print them on the screen with ease. </p> <p class=feature><strong>A powerful general purpose Foundational Library</strong> - <i>which has anything and everything you need</i> - from <code>replace_all()</code> to <code>replace_memory()</code> to <code>find_last_of()</code> to to <code>list_comprehension()</code> to <code>shellescape()</code> to <code>read_file_into_string()</code> to <code>string_to_json()</code> to <code>string_to_uppercase()</code> to <code>to_title_case()</code> to <code>read_file_into_array()</code> to <code>read_files_into_array()</code> to <code>map()</code> to <code>reduce()</code> to <code>filter()</code> to <code>list_comprehension_multithreaded()</code> to <code>frozen_dict_new_instance()</code> to <code>backticks()</code> - everything you would want to make quick and optimally efficient C programs, this has it.</p> <div style='height: 1px; border: 0;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(200, 200, 200);'></div> <p class=performance><span>Helps to make programs hundreds of times faster than other languages with similar ease of creation.</span> <hr> <p class=feature><strong>Easily take advantage of CPU cores with list_comprehension_multithreaded()</strong>.<br><br>You can specify the number of threads, the transform and the filter functions, and this will transform your data - all in parallel. Don't have a multithreaded environment? Then disable it (set the flag).</p> <hr> <h3>You don't want to be reinventing the wheel and hoping that your memory allocation is secure enough - and then failing. <strong>Security Is Paramount.</strong></h3> <h3>You don't want to be waiting <span style='color:rgb(240, 0, 0);'>a day</span> for an operation to complete when it could take <span style='color:rgb(30, 30, 255);'>less than an hour</span>.</h3> <br><p>This library is founded on very strong and unequivocal goals and philosophy. In fact, I have written many articles about the foundation of this library and more relevantly the broader context. See the Articles folder - for some of the foundation of this library.</p> <br><p>This library is an ideal and a dream - not just a Software Library. As such, I would highly suggest that you support me in this mission. Even if it's different from the status quo. Are you a Rust or Zig fan? Then make a Rust or Zig version of this ideal. Let's go. Give me an email.</p> </div> </div> <br> No Copyright - Public Domain - 2023, Gregory Cohen <gregorycohennew@gmail.com> DONATION REQUEST: If this free software has helped you and you find it valuable, please consider making a donation to support the ongoing development and maintenance of this project. Your contribution helps ensure the availability of this library to the community and encourages further improvements. Donations can be made at: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/cfoundationallib Note: The best way to contact me is through email, not social media. Please feel very free to email me if you want to express feedback, suggest an improvement, desire to collaborate on this free and open source project, want to support me, or want to create something great. Complacency and obstructionism and whining are not tolerated. I desire to make this library the best theoretically possible, so please, let us connect. <h1>This code is in the public domain, fully. You can do whatever you want with it. See docs.html for API reference.  </h1> <h1>Here's some examples of some things you can do easily with Foundationallib.<br><br> <h3>Use it for scripting purposes...</h3> </h1>  <h1>Take control of the Web - in C.<br><br></h1> 

# foundationallib <h2>Finally, a cross-platform, portable, well-designed, secure, robust, maximally-efficient C foundational library &mdash; Making Engineering And Computing Fast, Secure, Responsive And Easy.</h2> <br> <ul class="features-list"> <li><strong>Enables better Engineering Solutions and Security broadly and foundationally where Software Creation or Development or Script Creation is concerned - whether this be on a local, business, governmental or international basis, and makes things easier - and Computing in General.</strong> Don't Reinvent the Wheel - Use Good Wheels - Be Safe And Secure.</li> <br> <li><strong>Enables a free-flowing dynamic computer usage that you need, deserve and should have, simply because you have a computer. With full speed and with robustness. You deserve to be able to use your computer wholly and fully, with proper and fast operations.</strong></li> <br><li><strong>Enables flexibility and power - makes C accessible to the masses (and faster and more secure) with easy usage and strives to bring people up, not degrade the character or actions of people.</strong> This is a fundamental and unequivocal philosophy difference between this library and many subsections of Software Engineering and the mainstream engineering establishment. For instance, in Python, you cannot read a file easily &ndash; you have to read it line-by-line or open a file, read the lines, then close it. With this library, you can efficiently read 10,000 files in one function call. This library gives power. Any common operation, there ought to be a powerful function for.<br><br>We should not bitch around with assembly when we don't want to; we should also have full speed. Some old "solutions" deliver neither, then culturally degrade programmers because their tools are bad - actually, it just degrades programmers, and gives them bad tools. COBOL is an example ...<br><br>Human technology is about empowerment &ndash; people must fight for it to be empowerment, we don't have time to have AI systems kill us because we want to have bad tools and be weak. We must fight.</li> </ul> <br> <ul> <h2>About Foundationallib</h2> <li>→<strong>Cross platform</strong> - works perfectly in embedded, server, desktop, and all platforms - tested for Windows and UNIX - 64-bit and 32-bit, includes a 3-aspect test suite, with more to come.</li> <li>→<strong>Bug free. Reliable. Dependable. Secure. Tested well.</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Zero Overhead</strong> - Only 1 byte due to the power of the error handling, can be configured will full power.</li> <li>→<strong>Static Inline Functions if you want them</strong> (optional) - Eliminating function call overhead to 0 if you wish, for improved performance.</li> <li>→<strong>Custom allocators</strong> - if you want it.</li> <li>→<strong>Custom error handling</strong> - if you want it.</li> <li>→<strong>Safe functions</strong> warn the programmer about NULL values and unused return values. Can be configured to not compile if not Secure. Optional null-check macros in every library function. Does not use any of <code>"gets", "fgets", "strcpy", "strcat", "sprintf", "vsprintf", "scanf", "fscanf", "system", "chown", "chmod", "chgrp", "alloca", "execl", "execle", "execlp", "execv", "execve", "execvp", "bcopy", "bzero"</code>. You can configure it to never use any unsafe functions.</li> <li>→<strong>Portable</strong> - works on all platforms, using platform specific features (using #ifdefs) to make functions better and faster.</li> <li>→<strong>Multithreading support</strong> (optional), with list_comprehension_multithreaded (accepts any number of threads, works in parallel using portable C11 threads)</li> <li>→<strong>Networking support</strong> (optional), using libcurl - making it extremely easy to download websites and arrays of websites - features other languages do not have.</li> <li>→Very good and thorough <strong>Error Handling</strong> and <strong>allocation overflow</strong> checking (good for <strong>Security and Robustness</strong>) in the functions. Allows the programmer to dynamically choose to catch all errors in the functions with a handler (default or custom), or to ignore them. No need to ALWAYS say "if (.....) if you don't want to. Can be changed at runtime.</li> <li>→<strong>Public Domain</strong> so you make the code how you want. (No need to "propitiate" to some "god" of some library).</li> <li>→<strong>Minimal abstractions or indirection of any kind or needless slow things that complicate things</strong> - macros, namespace collision, typedefs, structs, object-orientation messes, slow compilation times, bloat, etc., etc.</li> <li>→<strong>No namespace pollution</strong> - you can generate your <span style=font-style:normal;><b>own version</b></span> with any prefix you like!</li> <li>→<strong>Relies <span style=font-style:normal;>minimally</span> on C libraries - it can be fully decoupled from LIB C and can be statically linked.</strong></li> <li>→<span style=font-style:normal;><b>Very small</b></span> - 13K Lines of Code (including Doxygen comments and following of Best Practices)</li> <li>→<strong>No Linkage Issues or dependency hell</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Thorough and clear documentation</strong>, with examples of usage.</li> <li>→<strong>No licensing restrictions whatsoever - use it for your engineering project, your startup, your Fortune 500 company, your personal project, your throw-away script, your government.</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Makes C like Python or Perl or Ruby in many ways - or more easy</strong></li> <li>→<strong>Easy Straightforward Transpilation Support</strong> - to make current code, much faster - all without any bloat (See transpile_slow_scripting_into_c.rb). <li><h4>In many cases, there is now a direct mapping of functions from other languages into optimized C. See the example script in this repository. This makes optimizing your Python / Perl / Ruby / PHP etc. script very easy, either manually or through the use of AI.</h4></li> </ul> </p> </div> <div class=pane style='border: 0;border-right: 1px dotted rgb(200, 200, 200); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 190);'> <div class="library-details"><h2 style=color:green;>Foundationallib Features</h2> <p class=feature> <strong>Functional Programming Features</strong> - <code>map, reduce, filter,</code> List Comprehensions in C and much more!</p> <p class=feature><strong>Expands C's Primitives for easy manipulation of data types</strong> such as Arrays, Strings, <code>Dict</code>, <code>Set</code>, <code>FrozenDict</code>, <code>FrozenSet</code> - <strong>and enables easy manipulation, modification, alteration, comparison, sorting, counting, IO (printing) and duplication of these at a very comfortable level</strong> - something very, very rare in C or C++, <i>all without any overhead.</i></p> <p class=feature><strong>More comfortable IO</strong> - read and write entire files with ease, and convert complex types into strings or print them on the screen with ease. </p> <p class=feature><strong>A powerful general purpose Foundational Library</strong> - <i>which has anything and everything you need</i> - from <code>replace_all()</code> to <code>replace_memory()</code> to <code>find_last_of()</code> to to <code>list_comprehension()</code> to <code>shellescape()</code> to <code>read_file_into_string()</code> to <code>string_to_json()</code> to <code>string_to_uppercase()</code> to <code>to_title_case()</code> to <code>read_file_into_array()</code> to <code>read_files_into_array()</code> to <code>map()</code> to <code>reduce()</code> to <code>filter()</code> to <code>list_comprehension_multithreaded()</code> to <code>frozen_dict_new_instance()</code> to <code>backticks()</code> - everything you would want to make quick and optimally efficient C programs, this has it.</p> <div style='height: 1px; border: 0;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(200, 200, 200);'></div> <p class=performance><span>Helps to make programs hundreds of times faster than other languages with similar ease of creation.</span> <hr> <p class=feature><strong>Easily take advantage of CPU cores with list_comprehension_multithreaded()</strong>.<br><br>You can specify the number of threads, the transform and the filter functions, and this will transform your data - all in parallel. Don't have a multithreaded environment? Then disable it (set the flag).</p> <hr> <h3>You don't want to be reinventing the wheel and hoping that your memory allocation is secure enough - and then failing. <strong>Security Is Paramount.</strong></h3> <h3>You don't want to be waiting <span style='color:rgb(240, 0, 0);'>a day</span> for an operation to complete when it could take <span style='color:rgb(30, 30, 255);'>less than an hour</span>.</h3> <br><p>This library is founded on very strong and unequivocal goals and philosophy. In fact, I have written many articles about the foundation of this library and more relevantly the broader context. See the Articles folder - for some of the foundation of this library.</p> <br><p>This library is an ideal and a dream - not just a Software Library. As such, I would highly suggest that you support me in this mission. Even if it's different from the status quo. Are you a Rust or Zig fan? Then make a Rust or Zig version of this ideal. Let's go. Give me an email.</p> </div> </div> <br> No Copyright - Public Domain - 2023, Gregory Cohen <gregorycohennew@gmail.com> DONATION REQUEST: If this free software has helped you and you find it valuable, please consider making a donation to support the ongoing development and maintenance of this project. Your contribution helps ensure the availability of this library to the community and encourages further improvements. Donations can be made at: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/cfoundationallib Note: The best way to contact me is through email, not social media. Please feel very free to email me if you want to express feedback, suggest an improvement, desire to collaborate on this free and open source project, want to support me, or want to create something great. Complacency and obstructionism and whining are not tolerated. I desire to make this library the best theoretically possible, so please, let us connect. <pre><code> Mirror Links Blog - https://foundationallib.wordpress.com/ Github - https://github.com/gregoryc/foundationallib Ruby Gem Mirror - https://rubygems.org/gems/foundational_lib Ruby Gem Mirror - https://rubygems.org/gems/foundational_lib2 Library Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/foundationallib Google Drive Mirrors ZIP - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bK2njCRsH4waTm4LP16sloPQawk7JIR5/view?usp=sharing TAR.GZ - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RCA1yy9R3cEqI_X9Lv0fxqh-zgNCK005/view?usp=sharing TAR.BZ2 - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ljdlI_fEnMS_X5WmuhI1qavhgseWlD5j/view?usp=sharing </code></pre> <h1>This code is in the public domain, fully. You can do whatever you want with it. See docs.html for API reference.  </h1> <h1>Here's some examples of some things you can do easily with Foundationallib.<br><br> <h3>Use it for scripting purposes...</h3> </h1>  <h1>Take control of the Web - in C.<br><br></h1> 

Inventory Inventory keeps track of the contents of your Ruby¹ projects. Such an inventory can be used to load the project, create gem specifications and gems, run unit tests, compile extensions, and verify that the project’s content is what you think it is. ¹ See http://ruby-lang.org/ § Usage Let’s begin by discussing the project structure that Inventory expects you to use. It’s pretty much exactly the same as the standard Ruby project structure¹: ├── README ├── Rakefile ├── lib │ ├── foo-1.0 │ │ ├── bar.rb │ │ └── version.rb │ └── foo-1.0.rb └── test └── unit ├── foo-1.0 │ ├── bar.rb │ └── version.rb └── foo-1.0.rb Here you see a simplified version of a project called “Foo”’s project structure. The only real difference from the standard is that the main entry point into the library is named “foo-1.0.rb” instead of “foo.rb” and that the root sub-directory of “lib” is similarly named “foo-1.0” instead of “foo”. The difference is the inclusion of the API version. This must be the major version of the project followed by a constant “.0”. The reason for this is that it allows concurrent installations of different major versions of the project and means that the wrong version will never accidentally be loaded with require. There’s a bigger difference in the content of the files. ‹Lib/foo-1.0/version.rb› will contain our inventory instead of a String: require 'inventory-1.0' class Foo Version = Foo.new(1, 4, 0){ authors{ author 'A. U. Thor', 'a.u.thor@example.org' } homepage 'http://example.org/' licenses{ license 'LGPLv3+', 'GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3 or later', 'http://www.gnu.org/licenses/' } def dependencies super + Dependencies.new{ development 'baz', 1, 3, 0 runtime 'goo', 2, 0, 0 optional 'roo-loo', 3, 0, 0, :feature =&gt; 'roo-loo' } end def package_libs %w[bar.rb] end } end We’re introducing quite a few concepts at once, and we’ll look into each in greater detail, but we begin by setting the ‹Version› constant to a new instance of an Inventory with major, minor, and patch version atoms 1, 4, and 0. Then we add a couple of dependencies and list the library files that are included in this project. The version numbers shouldn’t come as a surprise. These track the version of the API that we’re shipping using {semantic versioning}². They also allow the Inventory#to_s method to act as if you’d defined Version as ‹'1.4.0'›. Next follows information about the authors of the project, the project’s homepage, and the project’s licenses. Each author has a name and an email address. The homepage is simply a string URL. Licenses have an abbreviation, a name, and a URL where the license text can be found. We then extend the definition of ‹dependencies› by adding another set of dependencies to ‹super›. ‹Super› includes a dependency on the version of the inventory project that’s being used with this project, so you’ll never have to list that yourself. The other three dependencies are all of different kinds: development, runtime, and optional. A development dependency is one that’s required while developing the project, for example, a unit-testing framework, a documentation generator, and so on. Runtime dependencies are requirements of the project to be able to run, both during development and when installed. Finally, optional dependencies are runtime dependencies that may or may not be required during execution. The difference between runtime and optional is that the inventory won’t try to automatically load an optional dependency, instead leaving that up to you to do when and if it becomes necessary. By that logic, runtime dependencies will be automatically loaded, which is a good reason for having dependency information available at runtime. The version numbers of dependencies also use semantic versioning, but note that the patch atom is ignored unless the major atom is 0. You should always only depend on the major and minor atoms. As mentioned, runtime dependencies will be automatically loaded and the feature they try to load is based on the name of the dependency with a “-X.0” tacked on the end, where ‘X’ is the major version of the dependency. Sometimes, this isn’t correct, in which case the :feature option may be given to specify the name of the feature. You may also override other parts of a dependency by passing in a block to the dependency, much like we’re doing for inventories. The rest of an inventory will list the various files included in the project. This project only consists of one additional file to those that an inventory automatically include (Rakefile, README, the main entry point, and the version.rb file that defines the inventory itself), namely the library file ‹bar.rb›. Library files will be loaded automatically when the main entry point file loads the inventory. Library files that shouldn’t be loaded may be listed under a different heading, namely “additional_libs”. Both these sets of files will be used to generate a list of unit test files automatically, so each library file will have a corresponding unit test file in the inventory. We’ll discuss the different headings of an inventory in more detail later on. Now that we’ve written our inventory, let’s set it up so that it’s content gets loaded when our main entry point gets loaded. We add the following piece of code to ‹lib/foo-1.0.rb›: module Foo load File.expand_path('../foo-1.0/version.rb', __FILE__) Version.load end That’s all there’s to it. The inventory can also be used to great effect from a Rakefile using a separate project called Inventory-Rake³. Using it’ll give us tasks for cleaning up our project, compiling extensions, installing dependencies, installing and uninstalling the project itself, and creating and pushing distribution files to distribution points. require 'inventory-rake-1.0' load File.expand_path('../lib/foo-1.0/version.rb', __FILE__) Inventory::Rake::Tasks.define Foo::Version Inventory::Rake::Tasks.unless_installing_dependencies do require 'lookout-rake-3.0' Lookout::Rake::Tasks::Test.new end It’s ‹Inventory::Rake::Tasks.define› that does the heavy lifting. It takes our inventory and sets up the tasks mentioned above. As we want to be able to use our Rakefile to install our dependencies for us, the rest of the Rakefile is inside the conditional #unless_installing_dependencies, which, as the name certainly implies, executes its block unless the task being run is the one that installs our dependencies. This becomes relevant when we set up Travis⁴ integration next. The only conditional set-up we do in our Rakefile is creating our test task via Lookout-Rake⁵, which also uses our inventory to find the unit tests to run when executed. Travis integration is straightforward. Simply put before_script: - gem install inventory-rake -v '~&gt; VERSION' --no-rdoc --no-ri - rake gem:deps:install in the project’s ‹.travis.yml› file, replacing ‹VERSION› with the version of Inventory-Rake that you require. This’ll make sure that Travis installs all development, runtime, and optional dependencies that you’ve listed in your inventory before running any tests. You might also need to put env: - RUBYOPT=rubygems in your ‹.travis.yml› file, depending on how things are set up. ¹ Ruby project structure: http://guides.rubygems.org/make-your-own-gem/ ² Semantic versioning: http://semver.org/ ³ Inventory-Rake: http://disu.se/software/inventory-rake-1.0/ ⁴ Travis: http://travis-ci.org/ ⁵ Lookout-Rake: http://disu.se/software/lookout-rake-3.0/ § API If the guide above doesn’t provide you with all the answers you seek, you may refer to the API¹ for more answers. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/inventory-1.0/api/Inventory/ § Financing Currently, most of my time is spent at my day job and in my rather busy private life. Please motivate me to spend time on this piece of software by donating some of your money to this project. Yeah, I realize that requesting money to develop software is a bit, well, capitalistic of me. But please realize that I live in a capitalistic society and I need money to have other people give me the things that I need to continue living under the rules of said society. So, if you feel that this piece of software has helped you out enough to warrant a reward, please PayPal a donation to now@disu.se¹. Thanks! Your support won’t go unnoticed! ¹ Send a donation: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&amp;business=now@disu.se&amp;item_name=Inventory § Reporting Bugs Please report any bugs that you encounter to the {issue tracker}¹. ¹ See https://github.com/now/inventory/issues § Authors Nikolai Weibull wrote the code, the tests, the documentation, and this README. § Licensing Inventory is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the {GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3}¹ or later², as published by the {Free Software Foundation}³. ¹ See http://disu.se/licenses/lgpl-3.0/ ² See http://gnu.org/licenses/ ³ See http://fsf.org/

Ame Ame provides a simple command-line interface API for Ruby¹. It can be used to provide both simple interfaces like that of ‹rm›² and complex ones like that of ‹git›³. It uses Ruby’s own classes, methods, and argument lists to provide an interface that is both simple to use from the command-line side and from the Ruby side. The provided command-line interface is flexible and follows commond standards for command-line processing. ¹ See http://ruby-lang.org/ ² See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html ³ See http://git-scm.com/docs/ § Usage Let’s begin by looking at two examples, one where we mimic the POSIX¹ command-line interface to the ‹rm› command. Looking at the entry² in the standard, ‹rm› takes the following options: = -f. = Do not prompt for confirmation. = -i. = Prompt for confirmation. = -R. = Remove file hierarchies. = -r. = Equivalent to /-r/. It also takes the following arguments: = FILE. = A pathname or directory entry to be removed. And actually allows one or more of these /FILE/ arguments to be given. We also note that the ‹rm› command is described as a command to “remove directory entries”. ¹ See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html ² See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/rm.html Let’s turn this specification into one using Ame’s API. We begin by adding a flag for each of the options listed above: class Rm &lt; Ame::Root flag 'f', '', false, 'Do not prompt for confirmation' flag 'i', '', nil, 'Prompt for confirmation' do |options| options['f'] = false end flag 'R', '', false, 'Remove file hierarchies' flag 'r', '', nil, 'Equivalent to -R' do |options| options['r'] = true end A flag¹ is a boolean option that doesn’t take an argument. Each flag gets a short and long name, where an empty name means that there’s no corresponding short or long name for the flag, a default value (true, false, or nil), and a description of what the flag does. Each flag can also optionally take a block that can do further processing. In this case we use this block to modify the Hash that maps option names to their values passed to the block to set other flags’ values than the ones that the block is associated with. As these flags (‘i’ and ‘r’) aren’t themselves of interest, their default values have been set to nil, which means that they won’t be included in the Hash that maps option names to their values when passed to the method. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#flag-class-method There are quite a few other kinds of options besides flags that can be defined using Ame, but flags are all that are required for this example. We’ll get to the other kinds in later examples. Next we add a “splus” argument. splus 'FILE', String, 'File to remove' A splus¹ argument is like a Ruby “splat”, that is, an Array argument at the end of the argument list to a method preceded by a star, except that a splus requires at least one argument. A splus argument gets a name for the argument (‹FILE›), the type of argument it represents (String), and a description. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splus-class-method Then we add a description of the command (method) itself: description 'Remove directory entries' Descriptions¹ will be used in help output to assist the user in using the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#description-class-method Finally, we add the Ruby method that’ll implement the command (all preceding code included here for completeness): class Rm &lt; Ame::Root version '1.0.0' flag 'f', '', false, 'Do not prompt for confirmation' flag 'i', '', nil, 'Prompt for confirmation' do |options| options['f'] = false end flag 'R', '', false, 'Remove file hierarchies' flag 'r', '', nil, 'Equivalent to -R' do |options| options['r'] = true end splus 'FILE', String, 'File to remove' description 'Remove directory entries' def rm(files, options = {}) require 'fileutils' FileUtils.send options['R'] ? :rm_r : :rm, [first] + rest, :force =&gt; options['f'] end end Actually, another bit of code was also added, namely version '1.0.0' This sets the version¹ String of the command. This information is used when the command is invoked with the “‹--version›” flag. This flag is automatically added, so you don’t need to add it yourself. Another flag, “‹--help›”, is also added automatically. When given, this flag’ll make Ame output usage information of the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#version-class-method To actually run the command, all you need to do is invoke Rm.process This’ll invoke the command using the command-line arguments stored in ‹ARGV›, but you can also specify other ones if you want to: Rm.process 'rm', %w[-r /tmp/*] The first argument to #process¹ is the name of the method to invoke, which defaults to ‹File.basename($0)›, and the second argument is an Array of Strings that should be processed as command-line arguments passed to the command. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#process-class-method If you’d store the complete ‹Rm› class defined above in a file called ‹rm› and add ‹#! /usr/bin/ruby -w› at the beginning and ‹Rm.process› at the end, you’d have a fully functional ‹rm› command (after making it executable). Let’s see it in action: % rm --help Usage: rm [OPTIONS]... FILE... Remove directory entries Arguments: FILE... File to remove Options: -R Remove file hierarchies -f Do not prompt for confirmation --help Display help for this method -i Prompt for confirmation -r Equivalent to -R --version Display version information % rm --version rm 1.0.0 Some commands are more complex than ‹rm›. For example, ‹git›¹ has a rather complex command-line interface. We won’t mimic it all here, but let’s introduce the rest of the Ame API using a fake ‹git› clone as an example. ¹ See http://git-scm.com/docs/ ‹Git› uses sub-commands to achieve most things. Implementing sub-commands with Ame is done using a “dispatch”. We’ll discuss dispatches in more detail later, but suffice it to say that a dispatch delegates processing to a child class that’ll handle the sub-command in question. We begin by defining our main ‹git› command using a class called ‹Git› under the ‹Git::CLI› namespace: module Git end class Git::CLI &lt; Ame::Root version '1.0.0' class Git &lt; Ame::Class description 'The stupid content tracker' def initialize; end We’re setting things up to use the ‹Git› class as a dispatch in the ‹Git::CLI› class. The description on the ‹initialize› method will be used as a description of the ‹git› dispatch command itself. Next, let’s add the ‹format-patch›¹ sub-command: description 'Prepare patches for e-mail submission' flag ?n, 'numbered', false, 'Name output in [PATCH n/m] format' flag ?N, 'no-numbered', nil, 'Name output in [PATCH] format' do |options| options['numbered'] = false end toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' flag '', 'no-thread', nil, 'Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers' do |options, _| options.delete 'thread' end option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' def format_patch(since = '', options = {}) p since, options end ¹ See http://git-scm.com/docs/git-format-patch/ We’re using quite a few new Ame commands here. Let’s look at each in turn: toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' A “toggle”¹ is a flag that also has an inverse. Beyond the flags ‘s’ and “signoff”, the toggle also defines “no-signoff”, which will set “signoff” to false. This is useful if you want to support configuration files that set “signoff”’s default to true, but still allow it to be overridden on the command line. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#toggle-class-method When using the short form of a toggle (and flag and switch), multiple ones may be juxtaposed after the initial one. For example, “‹-sn›” is equivalent to “‹-s -n›” to “git format-patch›”. switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' A “switch”¹ is an option that takes an optional argument. This allows you to have separate defaults for when the switch isn’t present on the command line and for when it’s given without an argument. The third argument to a switch is the name of the argument. We’re also introducing a new concept here in ‹Ame::Types::Enumeration›. An enumeration² allows you to limit the allowed input to a set of Symbols. An enumeration also has a default value in the first item to its constructor (which is aliased as ‹.[]›). In this case, the “thread” switch defaults to nil, but, when given, will default to ‹:shallow› if no argument is given. If an argument is given it must be either “shallow” or “deep”. A switch isn’t required to take an enumeration as its argument default and can take any kind of default value for its argument that Ame knows how to handle. We’ll look at this in more detail later, but know that the type of the default value will be used to inform Ame how to parse a command-line argument into a Ruby value. An argument to a switch must be given, in this case, as “‹--thread=deep›” on the command line. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#switch-class-method ² See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Types/Enumeration/ option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' An “option”¹ is an option that takes an argument. The argument must always be present and may be given, in this case, as “‹--start-number=2›” or “‹--start-number 2›” on the command line. For a short-form option, anything that follows the option is seen as an argument, so assuming that “start-number” also had a short name of ‘S’, “‹-S2›” would be equivalent to “‹-S 2›”, which would be equivalent to “‹--start-number 2›”. Note that “‹-snS2›” would still work as expected. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#option-class-method multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' A “multioption”¹ is an option that takes an argument and may be repeated any number of times. Each argument will be added to an Array stored in the Hash that maps option names to their values. Instead of taking a default argument, it takes a type for the argument (String, in this case). Again, types are used to inform Ame how to parse command-line arguments into Ruby values. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#multioption-class-method optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' An “optional”¹ argument is an argument that isn’t required. If it’s not present on the command line it’ll get its default value (the String ‹'N/A'›, in this case). ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#optional-class-method We’ve now covered all kinds of options and one new kind of argument. There are three more types of argument (one that we’ve already seen and two new) that we’ll look into now: “argument”, “splat”, and “splus”. description 'Annotate file lines with commit information' argument 'FILE', String, 'File to annotate' def annotate(file) p file end An “argument”¹ is an argument that’s required. If it’s not present on the command line, an error will be raised (and by default reported to the terminal). As it’s required, it doesn’t take a default, but rather a type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#argument-class-method description 'Add file contents to the index' splat 'PATHSPEC', String, 'Files to add content from' def add(paths) p paths end A “splat”¹ is an argument that’s not required, but may be given any number of times. The type of a splat is the type of one argument and the type of a splat as a whole is an Array of values of that type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splat-class-method description 'Display gitattributes information' splus 'PATHNAME', String, 'Files to list attributes of' def check_attr(paths) p paths end A “splus”¹ is an argument that’s required, but may also be given any number of times. The type of a splus is the type of one argument and the type of a splus as a whole is an Array of values of that type. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#splus-class-method Now that we’ve seen all kinds of options and arguments, let’s look on an additional tool at our disposal, the dispatch¹. class Remote &lt; Ame::Class description 'Manage set of remote repositories' def initialize; end description 'Shows a list of existing remotes' flag 'v', 'verbose', false, 'Show remote URL after name' def list(options = {}) p options end description 'Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL' argument 'name', String, 'Name of the remote to add' argument 'url', String, 'URL to the repository of the remote to add' def add(name, url) p name, url end end ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/Class#dispatch-class-method Here we’re defining a child class to Git::CLI::Git called “Remote” that doesn’t introduce anything new. Then we set up the dispatch: dispatch Remote, :default =&gt; 'list' This adds a method called “remote” to Git::CLI::Git that will dispatch processing of the command line to an instance of the Remote class when “‹git remote›” is seen on the command line. The “remote” method expects an argument that’ll be used to decide what sub-command to execute. Here we’ve specified that in the absence of such an argument, the “list” method should be invoked. We add the same kind of dispatch to Git under Git::CLI: dispatch Git and then we’re done. Here’s all the previous code in its entirety: module Git end class Git::CLI &lt; Ame::Root version '1.0.0' class Git &lt; Ame::Class description 'The stupid content tracker' def initialize; end description 'Prepare patches for e-mail submission' flag ?n, 'numbered', false, 'Name output in [PATCH n/m] format' flag ?N, 'no-numbered', nil, 'Name output in [PATCH] format' do |options| options['numbered'] = false end toggle ?s, 'signoff', false, 'Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message' switch '', 'thread', 'STYLE', nil, Ame::Types::Enumeration[:shallow, :deep], 'Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers' flag '', 'no-thread', nil, 'Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers' do |options, _| options.delete 'thread' end option '', 'start-number', 'N', 1, 'Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1' multioption '', 'to', 'ADDRESS', String, 'Add a To: header to the email headers' optional 'SINCE', 'N/A', 'Generate patches for commits after SINCE' def format_patch(since = '', options = {}) p since, options end description 'Annotate file lines with commit information' argument 'FILE', String, 'File to annotate' def annotate(file) p file end description 'Add file contents to the index' splat 'PATHSPEC', String, 'Files to add content from' def add(paths) p paths end description 'Display gitattributes information' splus 'PATHNAME', String, 'Files to list attributes of' def check_attr(paths) p paths end class Remote &lt; Ame::Class description 'Manage set of remote repositories' def initialize; end description 'Shows a list of existing remotes' flag 'v', 'verbose', false, 'Show remote URL after name' def list(options = {}) p options end description 'Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL' argument 'name', String, 'Name of the remote to add' argument 'url', String, 'URL to the repository of the remote to add' def add(name, url) p name, url end end dispatch Remote, :default =&gt; 'list' end dispatch Git end If we put this code in a file called “git” and add ‹#! /usr/bin/ruby -w› at the beginning and ‹Git::CLI.process› at the end, you’ll have a very incomplete git command-line interface on your hands. Let’s look at what some of its ‹--help› output looks like: % git --help Usage: git [OPTIONS]... METHOD [ARGUMENTS]... The stupid content tracker Arguments: METHOD Method to run [ARGUMENTS]... Arguments to pass to METHOD Options: --help Display help for this method --version Display version information Methods: add Add file contents to the index annotate Annotate file lines with commit information check-attr Display gitattributes information format-patch Prepare patches for e-mail submission remote Manage set of remote repositories % git format-patch --help Usage: git format-patch [OPTIONS]... [SINCE] Prepare patches for e-mail submission Arguments: [SINCE=N/A] Generate patches for commits after SINCE Options: -N, --no-numbered Name output in [PATCH] format --help Display help for this method -n, --numbered Name output in [PATCH n/m] format --no-thread Disables addition of In-Reply-To and Reference headers -s, --signoff Add Signed-off-by: line to the commit message --start-number=N Start numbering the patches at N instead of 1 --thread[=STYLE] Controls addition of In-Reply-To and References headers --to=ADDRESS* Add a To: header to the email headers % git remote --help Usage: git remote [OPTIONS]... [METHOD] [ARGUMENTS]... Manage set of remote repositories Arguments: [METHOD=list] Method to run [ARGUMENTS]... Arguments to pass to METHOD Options: --help Display help for this method Methods: add Adds a remote named NAME for the repository at URL list Shows a list of existing remotes § API The previous section gave an introduction to the whole user API in an informal and introductory way. For an indepth reference to the user API, see the {user API documentation}¹. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/user/Ame/ If you want to extend the API or use it in some way other than as a command-line-interface writer, see the {developer API documentation}¹. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/ame-1.0/api/developer/Ame/ § Financing Currently, most of my time is spent at my day job and in my rather busy private life. Please motivate me to spend time on this piece of software by donating some of your money to this project. Yeah, I realize that requesting money to develop software is a bit, well, capitalistic of me. But please realize that I live in a capitalistic society and I need money to have other people give me the things that I need to continue living under the rules of said society. So, if you feel that this piece of software has helped you out enough to warrant a reward, please PayPal a donation to now@disu.se¹. Thanks! Your support won’t go unnoticed! ¹ Send a donation: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&amp;business=now@disu.se&amp;item_name=Ame § Reporting Bugs Please report any bugs that you encounter to the {issue tracker}¹. ¹ See https://github.com/now/ame/issues § Authors Nikolai Weibull wrote the code, the tests, the documentation, and this README. § Licensing Ame is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the {GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3}¹ or later², as published by the {Free Software Foundation}³. ¹ See http://disu.se/licenses/lgpl-3.0/ ² See http://gnu.org/licenses/ ³ See http://fsf.org/

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