Results for simple-load-more

load_more provides a simple solution for performing load more queries with ActiveRecord.

This ripl plugin provides a simple way to define blocks which are run after ~/.irbrc is loaded. A more useful version of IRB.conf[:IRB_RC].

BenchmarkRequires is a simple gem that helps identify slow loading libraries. As applications get older and more complex the start-up time tends to increase quite dramatically. BenchmarkRequires helps by logging all requires/load and load times. Idea inspired by http://nationbuilder.com/blistering_rails_performance_part_1_boot_performance

XOXO is a Ruby XOXO parser and generator. It provides a Ruby API similar to Marshal and YAML (though more specific) to load and dump XOXO[http://microformats.org/wiki/xoxo], a simple, open outline format written in standard XHTML and suitable for embedding in (X)HTML, Atom, RSS, and arbitrary XML.

Pufferfish is an extensible html templating engine that generates raw html, meaning that it will not affect load times of websites. A full-blown javascript framework is sometimes a bit overkill for a static website. Pufferfish adds some simple templating to html so you don't have to use such a framework for small projects or for pages that require fast loading. Pufferfish will compile your files to raw html. For more information on its usage, see Pufferfish's GitHub page.

Descriptive configuration files for Ruby written in Ruby. Loquacious provides a very open configuration system written in ruby and descriptions for each configuration attribute. The attributes and descriptions can be iterated over allowing for helpful information about those attributes to be displayed to the user. In the simple case we have a file something like: Loquacious.configuration_for('app') { name 'value', :desc => "Defines the name" foo 'bar', :desc => "FooBar" id 42, :desc => "Ara T. Howard" } Which can be loaded via the standard Ruby loading mechanisms load 'config/app.rb' The attributes and their descriptions can be printed by using a Help object help = Loquacious.help_for('app') help.show :values => true # show the values for the attributes, too Descriptions are optional, and configurations can be nested arbitrarily deep. Loquacious.configuration_for('nested') { desc "The outermost level" a { desc "One more level in" b { desc "Finally, a real value" c 'value' } } } config = Loquacious.configuration_for 'nested' p config.a.b.c #=> "value" And as you can see, descriptions can either be given inline after the value or they can appear above the attribute and value on their own line.

Rack::Config::Flexible is an alternative to Rack::Config, offering much greater flexibility. Configuration options are stored as key-value pairs in _sections_, partitioned by _environments_. For example: + environment + section key -> value pairs A simple DSL is provided and can be used either within a passed configuration block (to ::new), or to the #configuration method. Facilities are also provided to load whole environments, and sections from either a single YAML file structured like, or from a directory tree. See the README file or RDoc documentation for more info.

Descriptive configuration files for Ruby written in Ruby. Loquacious provides a very open configuration system written in ruby and descriptions for each configuration attribute. The attributes and descriptions can be iterated over allowing for helpful information about those attributes to be displayed to the user. In the simple case we have a file something like Loquacious.configuration_for('app') { name 'value', :desc => "Defines the name" foo 'bar', :desc => "FooBar" id 42, :desc => "Ara T. Howard" } Which can be loaded via the standard Ruby loading mechanisms Kernel.load 'config/app.rb' The attributes and their descriptions can be printed by using a Help object help = Loquacious.help_for('app') help.show :values => true # show the values for the attributes, too Descriptions are optional, and configurations can be nested arbitrarily deep. Loquacious.configuration_for('nested') { desc "The outermost level" a { desc "One more level in" b { desc "Finally, a real value" c 'value' } } } config = Loquacious.configuration_for('nested') p config.a.b.c #=> "value" And as you can see, descriptions can either be given inline after the value or they can appear above the attribute and value on their own line.

Descriptive configuration files for Ruby written in Ruby. Loquacious provides a very open configuration system written in ruby and descriptions for each configuration attribute. The attributes and descriptions can be iterated over allowing for helpful information about those attributes to be displayed to the user. In the simple case we have a file something like Loquacious.configuration_for('app') { name 'value', :desc => "Defines the name" foo 'bar', :desc => "FooBar" id 42, :desc => "Ara T. Howard" } Which can be loaded via the standard Ruby loading mechanisms Kernel.load 'config/app.rb' The attributes and their descriptions can be printed by using a Help object help = Loquacious.help_for('app') help.show :values => true # show the values for the attributes, too Descriptions are optional, and configurations can be nested arbitrarily deep. Loquacious.configuration_for('nested') { desc "The outermost level" a { desc "One more level in" b { desc "Finally, a real value" c 'value' } } } config = Loquacious.configuration_for('nested') p config.a.b.c #=> "value" And as you can see, descriptions can either be given inline after the value or they can appear above the attribute and value on their own line.

Automated Gem installation, activation, and much more! == FEATURES: GemInstaller provides automated installation, loading and activation of RubyGems. It uses a simple YAML config file to: * Automatically install the correct versions of all required gems wherever your app runs. * Automatically ensure installed gems and versions are consistent across multiple applications, machines, platforms, and environments * Automatically activate correct versions of gems on the ruby load path when your app runs ('require_gem'/'gem') * Automatically reinstall missing dependency gems (built in to RubyGems > 1.0) * Automatically detect correct platform to install for multi-platform gems (built in to RubyGems > 1.0) * Print YAML for \"rogue gems\" which are not specified in the current config, to easily bootstrap your config file, or find gems that were manually installed without GemInstaller. * Allow for common configs to be reused across projects or environments by supporting multiple config files, including common config file snippets, and defaults with overrides. * Allow for dynamic selection of gems, versions, and platforms to be used based on environment vars or any other logic. * Avoid the \"works on demo, breaks on production\" syndrome * Solve world hunger, prevent the global energy crisis, and wash your socks. == SYNOPSYS:

README ====== This is a simple API to evaluate information retrieval results. It allows you to load ranked and unranked query results and calculate various evaluation metrics (precision, recall, MAP, kappa) against a previously loaded gold standard. Start this program from the command line with: retreval -l <gold-standard-file> -q <query-results> -f <format> -o <output-prefix> The options are outlined when you pass no arguments and just call retreval You will find further information in the RDOC documentation and the HOWTO section below. If you want to see an example, use this command: retreval -l example/gold_standard.yml -q example/query_results.yml -f yaml -v INSTALLATION ============ If you have RubyGems, just run gem install retreval You can manually download the sources and build the Gem from there by `cd`ing to the folder where this README is saved and calling gem build retreval.gemspec This will create a gem file called which you just have to install with `gem install <file>` and you're done. HOWTO ===== This API supports the following evaluation tasks: - Loading a Gold Standard that takes a set of documents, queries and corresponding judgements of relevancy (i.e. "Is this document relevant for this query?") - Calculation of the _kappa measure_ for the given gold standard - Loading ranked or unranked query results for a certain query - Calculation of _precision_ and _recall_ for each result - Calculation of the _F-measure_ for weighing precision and recall - Calculation of _mean average precision_ for multiple query results - Calculation of the _11-point precision_ and _average precision_ for ranked query results - Printing of summary tables and results Typically, you will want to use this Gem either standalone or within another application's context. Standalone Usage ================ Call parameters --------------- After installing the Gem (see INSTALLATION), you can always call `retreval` from the commandline. The typical call is: retreval -l <gold-standard-file> -q <query-results> -f <format> -o <output-prefix> Where you have to define the following options: - `gold-standard-file` is a file in a specified format that includes all the judgements - `query-results` is a file in a specified format that includes all the query results in a single file - `format` is the format that the files will use (either "yaml" or "plain") - `output-prefix` is the prefix of output files that will be created Formats ------- Right now, we focus on the formats you can use to load data into the API. Currently, we support YAML files that must adhere to a special syntax. So, in order to load a gold standard, we need a file in the following format: * "query" denotes the query * "documents" these are the documents judged for this query * "id" the ID of the document (e.g. its filename, etc.) * "judgements" an array of judgements, each one with: * "relevant" a boolean value of the judgment (relevant or not) * "user" an optional identifier of the user Example file, with one query, two documents, and one judgement: - query: 12th air force germany 1957 documents: - id: g5701s.ict21311 judgements: [] - id: g5701s.ict21313 judgements: - relevant: false user: 2 So, when calling the program, specify the format as `yaml`. For the query results, a similar format is used. Note that it is necessary to specify whether the result sets are ranked or not, as this will heavily influence the calculations. You can specify the score for a document. By "score" we mean the score that your retrieval algorithm has given the document. But this is not necessary. The documents will always be ranked in the order of their appearance, regardless of their score. Thus in the following example, the document with "07" at the end is the first and "25" is the last, regardless of the score. --- query: 12th air force germany 1957 ranked: true documents: - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21307 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21309 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21311 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21313 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21315 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21317 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21319 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21321 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21323 - score: 0.44034874 document: g5701s.ict21325 --- query: 1612 ranked: true documents: - score: 1.0174774 document: g3290.np000144 - score: 0.763108 document: g3201b.ct000726 - score: 0.763108 document: g3400.ct000886 - score: 0.6359234 document: g3201s.ct000130 --- **Note**: You can also use the `plain` format, which will load the gold standard in a different way (but not the results): my_query my_document_1 false my_query my_document_2 true See that every query/document/relevancy pair is separated by a tabulator? You can also add the user's ID in the fourth column if necessary. Running the evaluation ----------------------- After you have specified the input files and the format, you can run the program. If needed, the `-v` switch will turn on verbose messages, such as information on how many judgements, documents and users there are, but this shouldn't be necessary. The program will first load the gold standard and then calculate the statistics for each result set. The output files are automatically created and contain a YAML representation of the results. Calculations may take a while depending on the amount of judgements and documents. If there are a thousand judgements, always consider a few seconds for each result set. Interpreting the output files ------------------------------ Two output files will be created: - `output_avg_precision.yml` - `output_statistics.yml` The first lists the average precision for each query in the query result file. The second file lists all supported statistics for each query in the query results file. For example, for a ranked evaluation, the first two entries of such a query result statistic look like this: --- 12th air force germany 1957: - :precision: 0.0 :recall: 0.0 :false_negatives: 1 :false_positives: 1 :true_negatives: 2516 :true_positives: 0 :document: g5701s.ict21313 :relevant: false - :precision: 0.0 :recall: 0.0 :false_negatives: 1 :false_positives: 2 :true_negatives: 2515 :true_positives: 0 :document: g5701s.ict21317 :relevant: false You can see the precision and recall for that specific point and also the number of documents for the contingency table (true/false positives/negatives). Also, the document identifier is given. API Usage ========= Using this API in another ruby application is probably the more common use case. All you have to do is include the Gem in your Ruby or Ruby on Rails application. For details about available methods, please refer to the API documentation generated by RDoc. **Important**: For this implementation, we use the document ID, the query and the user ID as the primary keys for matching objects. This means that your documents and queries are identified by a string and thus the strings should be sanitized first. Loading the Gold Standard ------------------------- Once you have loaded the Gem, you will probably start by creating a new gold standard. gold_standard = GoldStandard.new Then, you can load judgements into this standard, either from a file, or manually: gold_standard.load_from_yaml_file "my-file.yml" gold_standard.add_judgement :document => doc_id, :query => query_string, :relevant => boolean, :user => John There is a nice shortcut for the `add_judgement` method. Both lines are essentially the same: gold_standard.add_judgement :document => doc_id, :query => query_string, :relevant => boolean, :user => John gold_standard << :document => doc_id, :query => query_string, :relevant => boolean, :user => John Note the usage of typical Rails hashes for better readability (also, this Gem was developed to be used in a Rails webapp). Now that you have loaded the gold standard, you can do things like: gold_standard.contains_judgement? :document => "a document", :query => "the query" gold_standard.relevant? :document => "a document", :query => "the query" Loading the Query Results ------------------------- Now we want to create a new `QueryResultSet`. A query result set can contain more than one result, which is what we normally want. It is important that you specify the gold standard it belongs to. query_result_set = QueryResultSet.new :gold_standard => gold_standard Just like the Gold Standard, you can read a query result set from a file: query_result_set.load_from_yaml_file "my-results-file.yml" Alternatively, you can load the query results one by one. To do this, you have to create the results (either ranked or unranked) and then add documents: my_result = RankedQueryResult.new :query => "the query" my_result.add_document :document => "test_document 1", :score => 13 my_result.add_document :document => "test_document 2", :score => 11 my_result.add_document :document => "test_document 3", :score => 3 This result would be ranked, obviously, and contain three documents. Documents can have a score, but this is optional. You can also create an Array of documents first and add them altogether: documents = Array.new documents << ResultDocument.new :id => "test_document 1", :score => 20 documents << ResultDocument.new :id => "test_document 2", :score => 21 my_result = RankedQueryResult.new :query => "the query", :documents => documents The same applies to `UnrankedQueryResult`s, obviously. The order of ranked documents is the same as the order in which they were added to the result. The `QueryResultSet` will now contain all the results. They are stored in an array called `query_results`, which you can access. So, to iterate over each result, you might want to use the following code: query_result_set.query_results.each_with_index do |result, index| # ... end Or, more simply: for result in query_result_set.query_results # ... end Calculating statistics ---------------------- Now to the interesting part: Calculating statistics. As mentioned before, there is a conceptual difference between ranked and unranked results. Unranked results are much easier to calculate and thus take less CPU time. No matter if unranked or ranked, you can get the most important statistics by just calling the `statistics` method. statistics = my_result.statistics In the simple case of an unranked result, you will receive a hash with the following information: * `precision` - the precision of the results * `recall` - the recall of the results * `false_negatives` - number of not retrieved but relevant items * `false_positives` - number of retrieved but nonrelevant * `true_negatives` - number of not retrieved and nonrelevantv items * `true_positives` - number of retrieved and relevant items In case of a ranked result, you will receive an Array that consists of _n_ such Hashes, depending on the number of documents. Each Hash will give you the information at a certain rank, e.g. the following to lines return the recall at the fourth rank. statistics = my_ranked_result.statistics statistics[3][:recall] In addition to the information mentioned above, you can also get for each rank: * `document` - the ID of the document that was returned at this rank * `relevant` - whether the document was relevant or not Calculating statistics with missing judgements ---------------------------------------------- Sometimes, you don't have judgements for all document/query pairs in the gold standard. If this happens, the results will be cleaned up first. This means that every document in the results that doesn't appear to have a judgement will be removed temporarily. As an example, take the following results: * A * B * C * D Our gold standard only contains judgements for A and C. The results will be cleaned up first, thus leading to: * A * C With this approach, we can still provide meaningful results (for precision and recall). Other statistics ---------------- There are several other statistics that can be calculated, for example the **F measure**. The F measure weighs precision and recall and has one parameter, either "alpha" or "beta". Get the F measure like so: my_result.f_measure :beta => 1 If you don't specify either alpha or beta, we will assume that beta = 1. Another interesting measure is **Cohen's Kappa**, which tells us about the inter-agreement of assessors. Get the kappa statistic like this: gold_standard.kappa This will calculate the average kappa for each pairwise combination of users in the gold standard. For ranked results one might also want to calculate an **11-point precision**. Just call the following: my_ranked_result.eleven_point_precision This will return a Hash that has indices at the 11 recall levels from 0 to 1 (with steps of 0.1) and the corresponding precision at that recall level.

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