Results for unicode-casing

Titlecase helper function on characters.

Gem to enable easy title casing of strings containing Unicode text.

U U extends Ruby’s Unicode support. It provides a string class called U::String with an interface that mimics that of the String class in Ruby 2.0, but that can also be used from both Ruby 1.8. This interface also has more complete Unicode support and never modifies the receiver. Thus, a U::String is an immutable value object. U comes with complete and very accurate documentation¹. The documentation can realistically also be used as a reference to the Ruby String API and may actually be preferable, as it’s a lot more explicit and complete than the documentation that comes with Ruby. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/ § Installation Install u with % gem install u § Usage Usage is basically the following: require 'u-1.0' a = 'äbc' a.upcase # ⇒ 'äBC' a.u.upcase # ⇒ 'ÄBC' That is, you require the library, then you invoke #u on a String. This’ll give you a U::String that has much better Unicode support than a normal String. It’s important to note that U only uses UTF-8, which means that #u will try to #encode the String as such. This shouldn’t be an issue in most cases, as UTF-8 is now more or less the universal encoding – and rightfully so. As U::Strings¹ are immutable value objects, there’s also a U::Buffer² available for building U::Strings efficiently. See the API³ for more complete usage information. The following sections will only cover the extensions and differences that U::String exhibit from Ruby’s built-in String class. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/ ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/Buffer/ ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/ § Unicode Properties There are quite a few property-checking interrogators that let you check if all characters in a U::String have the given Unicode property: • #alnum?¹ • #alpha?² • #assigned?³ • #case_ignorable?⁴ • #cased?⁵ • #cntrl?⁶ • #defined?⁷ • #digit?⁸ • #graph?⁹ • #newline?¹⁰ • #print?¹¹ • #punct?¹² • #soft_dotted?¹³ • #space?¹⁴ • #title?¹⁵ • #valid?¹⁶ • #wide?¹⁷ • #wide_cjk?¹⁸ • #xdigit?¹⁹ • #zero_width?²⁰ ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#alnum-p-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#alpha-p-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#assigned-p-instance-method ⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#case_ignorable-p-instance-method ⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#cased-p-instance-method ⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#cntrl-p-instance-method ⁷ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#defined-p-instance-method ⁸ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#digit-p-instance-method ⁹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#graph-p-instance-method ¹⁰ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#newline-p-instance-method ¹¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#print-p-instance-method ¹² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#punct-p-instance-method ¹³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#soft_dotted-p-instance-method ¹⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#space-p-instance-method ¹⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#title-p-instance-method ¹⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#valid-p-instance-method ¹⁷ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#wide-p-instance-method ¹⁸ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#wide_cjk-p-instance-method ¹⁹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#xdigit-p-instance-method ²⁰ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#zero_width-p-instance-method Similar to these methods are • #folded?¹ • #lower?² • #upper?³ which check whether a ‹U::String› has been cased in a given manner. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#folded-p-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#lower-p-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#upper-p-instance-method There’s also a #normalized?¹ method that checks whether a ‹U::String› has been normalized on a given form. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#normalized-p-instance-method You can also access certain Unicode properties of the characters of a U::String: • #canonical_combining_class¹ • #general_category² • #grapheme_break³ • #line_break⁴ • #script⁵ • #word_break⁶ ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#canonical_combining_class-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#general_category-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#grapheme_break-instance-method ⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#line_break-instance-method ⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#script-instance-method ⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#word_break-instance-method § Locale-specific Comparisons Comparisons of U::Strings respect the current locale (and also allow you to specify a locale to use): ‹#<=>›¹, #casecmp², and #collation_key³. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#comparison-operator ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#casecmp-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#collation_key-instance-method § Additional Enumerators There are a couple of additional enumerators in #each_grapheme_cluster¹ and #each_word² (along with aliases #grapheme_clusters³ and #words⁴). ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#each_grapheme_cluster-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#each_word-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#grapheme_clusters-instance-method ⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#words-instance-method § Unicode-aware Sub-sequence Removal #Chomp¹, #chop², #lstrip³, #rstrip⁴, and #strip⁵ all look for Unicode newline and space characters, rather than only ASCII ones. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#chomp-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#chop-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#lstrip-instance-method ⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#rstrip-instance-method ⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#strip-instance-method § Unicode-aware Conversions Case-shifting methods #downcase¹ and #upcase² do proper Unicode casing and the interface is further augmented by #foldcase³ and #titlecase⁴. #Mirror⁵ and #normalize⁶ do conversions similar in nature to the case-shifting methods. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#downcase-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#upcase-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#foldcase-instance-method ⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#titlecase-instance-method ⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#mirror-instance-method ⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#normalize-instance-method § Width Calculations #Width¹ will return the number of cells on a terminal that a U::String will occupy. #Center², #ljust³, and #rjust⁴ deal in width rather than length, making them much more useful for generating terminal output. #%⁵ (and its alias #format⁶) similarly deal in width. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#width-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#center-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#ljust-instance-method ⁴ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#rjust-instance-method ⁵ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#modulo-operator ⁶ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#format-instance-method § Extended Type Conversions Finally, #hex¹, #oct², and #to_i³ use Unicode alpha-numerics for their respective conversions. ¹ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#hex-instance-method ² See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#oct-instance-method ³ See http://disu.se/software/u-1.0/api/U/String/#to_i-instance-method § News § 1.0.0 Initial public release! § Financing Currently, most of my time is spent at my day job and in my rather busy private life. Please motivate me to spend time on this piece of software by donating some of your money to this project. Yeah, I realize that requesting money to develop software is a bit, well, capitalistic of me. But please realize that I live in a capitalistic society and I need money to have other people give me the things that I need to continue living under the rules of said society. So, if you feel that this piece of software has helped you out enough to warrant a reward, please PayPal a donation to now@disu.se¹. Thanks! Your support won’t go unnoticed! ¹ Send a donation: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=now@disu.se&item_name=U § Reporting Bugs Please report any bugs that you encounter to the {issue tracker}¹. ¹ See https://github.com/now/u/issues § Authors Nikolai Weibull wrote the code, the tests, the documentation, and this README. § Licensing U is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the {GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3}¹ or later², as published by the {Free Software Foundation}³. ¹ See http://disu.se/licenses/lgpl-3.0/ ² See http://gnu.org/licenses/ ³ See http://fsf.org/

== Terminal UIs, the Ruby Way RatatuiRuby[https://rubygems.org/gems/ratatui_ruby] is a RubyGem built on Ratatui[https://ratatui.rs], a leading TUI library written in Rust[https://rust-lang.org]. You get native performance with the joy of Ruby. gem install ratatui_ruby {rdoc-image:https://ratatui-ruby.dev/hero.gif}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/app_cli_rich_moments/README_md.html] === Rich Moments Add a spinner, a progress bar, or an inline menu to your CLI script. No full-screen takeover. Your terminal history stays intact. ==== Inline Viewports Standard TUIs erase themselves on exit. Your carefully formatted CLI output disappears. Users lose their scrollback. <b>Inline viewports</b> solve this. They occupy a fixed number of lines, render rich UI, then leave the output in place when done. Perfect for spinners, menus, progress indicators—any brief moment of richness. require "ratatui_ruby" RatatuiRuby.run(viewport: :inline, height: 1) do |tui| until connected? status = tui.paragraph(text: "\#{spin} Connecting...") tui.draw { |frame| frame.render_widget(status, frame.area) } end end === Build Something Real Full-screen applications with {keyboard and mouse input}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/app_all_events/README_md.html]. The managed loop sets up the terminal and restores it on exit, even after crashes. RatatuiRuby.run do |tui| loop do tui.draw do |frame| frame.render_widget( tui.paragraph(text: "Hello, RatatuiRuby!", alignment: :center), frame.area ) end case tui.poll_event in { type: :key, code: "q" } then break else nil end end end ==== Widgets included: [Layout] {Block}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_block/README_md.html], {Center}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_center/README_md.html], {Clear (Popup, Modal)}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_popup/README_md.html], {Layout (Split, Grid)}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_layout_split/README_md.html], {Overlay}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_overlay/README_md.html] [Data] {Bar Chart}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_barchart/README_md.html], {Chart}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_chart/README_md.html], {Gauge}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_gauge/README_md.html], {Line Gauge}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_line_gauge/README_md.html], {Sparkline}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_sparkline/README_md.html], {Table}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_table/README_md.html] [Text] {Cell}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_cell/README_md.html], {List}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_list/README_md.html], {Rich Text (Line, Span)}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_rich_text/README_md.html], {Scrollbar (Scroll)}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_scrollbar/README_md.html], {Tabs}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_tabs/README_md.html] [Graphics] {Calendar}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_calendar/README_md.html], {Canvas}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_canvas/README_md.html], {Map (World Map)}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/widget_map/README_md.html] Need something else? {Build custom widgets}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/doc/concepts/custom_widgets_md.html] in Ruby! --- === Testing Built In TUI testing is tedious. You need a headless terminal, event injection, snapshot comparisons, and style assertions. RatatuiRuby bundles all of it. require "ratatui_ruby/test_helper" class TestColorPicker < Minitest::Test include RatatuiRuby::TestHelper def test_swatch_widget with_test_terminal(10, 3) do RatatuiRuby.draw do |frame| frame.render_widget(Swatch.new(:red), frame.area) end assert_cell_style 2, 1, char: "█", bg: :red end end end ==== What's inside: - <b>Headless terminal</b> — No real TTY needed - <b>Snapshots</b> — Plain text and rich (ANSI colors) - <b>Event injection</b> — Keys, mouse, paste, resize - <b>Style assertions</b> — Color, bold, underline at any cell - <b>Test doubles</b> — Mock frames and stub rects - <b>UPDATE_SNAPSHOTS=1</b> — Regenerate baselines in one command --- ==== Inline Menu Example require "ratatui_ruby" # This example renders an inline menu. Arrow keys select, enter confirms. # The menu appears in-place, preserving scrollback. When the user chooses, # the TUI closes and the script continues with the selected value. class RadioMenu CHOICES = ["Production", "Staging", "Development"] # ASCII strings are universally supported. PREFIXES = { active: "●", inactive: "○" } # Some terminals may not support Unicode. CONTROLS = "↑/↓: Select | Enter: Choose | Ctrl+C: Cancel" # Let users know what keys you handle. TITLES = ["Select Environment", # The default title position is top left. { content: CONTROLS, # Multiple titles can save space. position: :bottom, # Titles go on the top or bottom, alignment: :right }] # aligned left, right, or center def call # This method blocks until a choice is made. RatatuiRuby.run(viewport: :inline, height: 5) do |tui| # RatauiRuby.run manages the terminal. @tui = tui # The TUI instance is safe to store. show_menu until chosen? # You can use any loop keyword you like. end # `run` won't return until your block does, RadioMenu::CHOICES[@choice] # so you can use it synchronously. end # Classes like RadioMenu are convenient for private # CLI authors to offer "rich moments." def show_menu = @tui.draw do |frame| # RatatuiRuby gives you low-level access. widget = @tui.paragraph( # But the TUI facade makes it easy to use. text: menu_items, # Text can be spans, lines, or paragraphs. block: @tui.block(borders: :all, titles: TITLES) # Blocks give you boxes and titles, and hold ) # one or more widgets. We only use one here, frame.render_widget(widget, frame.area) # but "area" lets you compose sub-views. end def chosen? # You are responsible for handling input. interaction = @tui.poll_event # Every frame, you receive an event object: return choose if interaction.enter? # Key, Mouse, Resize, Paste, FocusGained, # FocusLost, or None objects. They come with move_by(-1) if interaction.up? # predicates, support pattern matching, and move_by(1) if interaction.down? # can be inspected for properties directly. quit! if interaction.ctrl_c? # Your application must handle every input, false # even interrupts and other exit patterns. end def choose # Here, the loop is about to exit, and the prepare_next_line # block will return. The inline viewport @choice # will be torn down and the terminal will end # be restored, but you are responsible for # positioning the cursor. def prepare_next_line # To ensure the next output is on a new area = @tui.viewport_area # line, query the viewport area and move RatatuiRuby.cursor_position = [0, area.y + area.height] # the cursor to the start of the last line. puts # Then print a newline. end def quit! # All of your familiar Ruby control flow prepare_next_line # keywords work as expected, so we can exit 0 # use them to leave the TUI. end def move_by(line_count) # You are in full control of your UX, so @choice = (@choice + line_count) % CHOICES.size # you can implement any logic you need: end # Would you "wrap around" here, or not? # def menu_items = CHOICES.map.with_index do |choice, i| # Notably, RatatuiRuby has no concept of "\#{prefix_for(i)} \#{choice}" # "menus" or "radio buttons". You are in end # full control, but it also means you must def prefix_for(choice_index) # implement the logic yourself. For larger return PREFIXES[:active] if choice_index == @choice # applications, consider using Rooibos, PREFIXES[:inactive] # an MVU framework built with RatatuiRuby. end # Or, use the upcoming ratatui-ruby-kit, # our object-oriented component library. def initialize = @choice = 0 # However, those are both optional, and end # designed for full-screen Terminal UIs. # RatatuiRuby will always give you the most choice = RadioMenu.new.call # control, and is enough for "rich CLI puts "You chose \#{choice}!" # moments" like this one. --- === Full App Solutions RatatuiRuby renders. For complex applications, add a framework that manages state and composition. ==== Rooibos[https://www.rooibos.run] (Framework) Model-View-Update architecture. Inspired by Elm, Bubble Tea, and React + Redux. Your UI is a pure function of state. - Functional programming with MVU - Commands work off the main thread - Messages, not callbacks, drive updates ==== {Kit}[https://sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/#chapter-3-the-object-path--kit] (Coming Soon) Component-based architecture. Encapsulate state, input handling, and rendering in reusable pieces. - OOP with stateful components - Separate UI state from domain logic - Built-in focus management & click handling Both use the same widget library and rendering engine. Pick the paradigm that fits your brain. --- === Why RatatuiRuby? Ruby deserves world-class terminal user interfaces. TUI developers deserve a world-class language. RatatuiRuby wraps Rust's Ratatui via native extension. The Rust library handles rendering. Your Ruby code handles design. >>> "Text UIs are seeing a renaissance with many new TUI libraries popping up. The Ratatui bindings have proven to be full featured and stable." — {Mike Perham}[https://www.mikeperham.com/], creator of Sidekiq[https://sidekiq.org/] and Faktory[https://contribsys.com/faktory/] ==== Why Rust? Why Ruby? Rust excels at low-level rendering. Ruby excels at expressing domain logic and UI. RatatuiRuby puts each language where it performs best. ==== Versus CharmRuby CharmRuby[https://charm-ruby.dev/] wraps Charm's Go libraries. Both projects give Ruby developers TUI options. [Integration] CharmRuby: Two runtimes, one process. RatatuiRuby: Native extension in Rust. [Runtime] CharmRuby: Go + Ruby (competing). RatatuiRuby: Ruby (Rust has no runtime). [Memory] CharmRuby: Two uncoordinated GCs. RatatuiRuby: One Garbage Collector. [Style] CharmRuby: The Elm Architecture (TEA). RatatuiRuby: TEA, OOP, or Imperative. --- === Links [Get Started] {Quickstart}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/doc/getting_started/quickstart_md.html], {Examples}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/examples/app_cli_rich_moments/README_md.html], {API Reference}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/], {Guides}[https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev/docs/v0.10/doc/index_md.html] [Ecosystem] Rooibos[https://www.rooibos.run], {Kit}[https://sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/#chapter-3-the-object-path--kit] (Planned), {Framework}[https://sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/#chapter-5-the-framework] (Planned), {UI Widgets}[https://sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/#chapter-6-licensing] (Planned) [Community] {Forum}[https://forum.setdef.com/c/ratatui-ruby/6], {Announcements}[https://forum.setdef.com/tags/c/ratatui-ruby/6/announcement], {Discussion}[https://forum.setdef.com/tags/c/ratatui-ruby/6/discussion], {Bug Tracker}[https://forum.setdef.com/tags/c/ratatui-ruby/6/bug] [Contribute] {Contributing Guide}[https://man.sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/contributing.md], {Code of Conduct}[https://man.sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/code_of_conduct.md], {Project History}[https://man.sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby/history/index.md], {Pull Requests}[https://forum.setdef.com/tags/c/ratatui-ruby/6/patch] --- [Website] https://www.ratatui-ruby.dev [Source] https://github.com/setdef/RatatuiRuby [RubyGems] https://rubygems.org/gems/ratatui_ruby [Upstream] https://ratatui.rs [Build Status] https://builds.sr.ht/~kerrick/ratatui_ruby © 2026 Kerrick Long · Library: LGPL-3.0-or-later · Website: CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 · Snippets: MIT-0